Вызовы фондовых рынков Евразийского экономического союза: аналитический подход

Strengthening cooperation of the Eurasian Economic Union member-countries is the best solution to mitigate trade wars, unfair competition and worsening of international economic relations. The article reveals the significant correlation of the stock indices based on the analysis of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) stock markets. The objective of the article is to introduce recommendations aimed at optimising cooperation of EAEU member-states and expanding their interaction in the financial sphere. Bloomberg data for 2000-2017 together with Excel tools have been used which allowed to prove the hypothesis of interdependence between the most developed stock markets: Moscow and Kazakhstan. The graphical analysis of the research has showed that a correlation between the indicators of these stock trading floors appeared in 2008, when the effects of the global financial and economic crisis were being overcome. There was no interdependence between the indices of the Moscow and Kazakhstan marketplaces until 2007. The research has showed that the EAEU stock market indices depend significantly on the production of raw materials and commodity prices. In the conditions of the financial relations development, the EAEU has proposed to use the world experience of strengthening the economic cooperation of European countries and their methods to overcome the crisis phenomena of the 1950s. The EAEU has to harmonize financial policies and financial relations, simplify entrepreneur access to lending, improve tax breaks for exporters of manufactured goods and grant subsidies to new sectors of the economy. The European experience can help the EAEU to overcome difficulties and solve cooperation problems.Укрепление сотрудничества стран Евразийского экономического союза — лучшее решение для смягчения последствий торговых войн, недобросовестной конкуренции и ухудшения международных экономических отношений. В статье представлены результаты анализа индексов фондовых рынков Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС), на базе которых выявлена их значительная корреляция. Цель статьи — разработка рекомендаций, направленных на оптимизацию сотрудничества стран — членов ЕАЭС и расширение взаимодействия сторон в финансовой сфере. Использованы данные Bloomberg за период 2000–2017 гг. и технология Excel, что позволило на базе публикуемых индексов торговых площадок ЕАЭС подтвердить гипотезу о взаимозависимости наиболее развитых фондовых рынков: московского и казахстанского. Графический анализ исследования показал, что корреляция показателей указанных торговых площадок возникла в 2008 г. —  в период преодоления последствий глобального финансово-экономического кризиса. До 2007 г. взаимозависимости индексов московской и казахстанской торговых площадок не наблюдалось. Проведенное исследование показало, что индексы фондовых рынков ЕАЭС в значительной степени зависят от производства сырья и цен на сырьевые товары. В условиях развития финансовых отношений ЕАЭС предложено использовать мировой опыт укрепления экономического сотрудничества европейских стран и методы преодоления ими кризисных явлений 50-х гг. ХХ в. ЕАЭС необходима гармонизация финансовой политики и финансовых отношений, упрощение доступа предпринимателей к кредитованию, совершенствование налоговых льгот экспортерам промышленных товаров и порядка предоставления субсидий новым отраслям экономики. Использование европейского опыта в ЕАЭС может способствовать преодолению проблем и решению задач сотрудничества

СПОСОБ ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ ЛИЧИНОК Toxocara canis ИЗ ПАРЕНХИМЫ ПЕЧЕНИ И ЛЕГКИХ ПЛОТОЯДНЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ

The method of allocation of Toxocara canis larvae from parenchyma of liver and lung of carnivorous animals for postmortem diagnostics of toxocarosis is of-fered at a weak infection and in prepatent period. The received culture of larvae of T. canis can be used for studying pathogenesis of the diseases, carrying out genetic researches and receiving proteins with diagnostic and protective properties. The list of the equipment, reactants and solutions for allocation of T. canis larvae is given. The work course which consists of preparation of tests of tissue of a liver and lungs, preparation of artificial gastric juice, digestion of tissues, an assessment of the re-sults, concentration of T. canis larvae is described. For researches take samples of a parenchyma of lungs or a liver weighing 50 g, crush on a meat grinder. Samples digest to the current of 50 min. at a temperature of 41–42 °C. After 10 minute up-holding a deposit merge in Petri's cups and investigate on existence of T. canis lar-vae and their mobility. For concentration of a material a deposit centrifuge during 10 min.Предложен способ выделения личинок Toxocara canis из паренхимы печени и легких плотоядных животных для посмертной диагностики токсокароза при слабой инвазии и в период препатентной стадии. Полученную культуру личинок T. canis можно использовать для изучения патогенеза болезни, проведения генетических исследований и получения белков с диагностическими и протективными свойствами. Дан перечень оборудования, реактивов и растворов для выделения личинок T. canis. Описан ход работы, который состоит из подготовки проб ткани печени и легких, приготовления искусственного желудочного сока, переваривания проб тканей, оценки результатов, концентрации личинок T. canis. Для исследований берут пробы паренхимы легких или печени массой 50 г, измельчают на мясорубке. Пробы переваривают в течение 50 мин при температуре 41-42 оС при постоянном перемешивании. После 10-минутного отстаивания осадок сливают в чашки Петри и исследуют на наличие личинок T. canis и их подвижность. Для концентрации материала осадок центрифугируют 10 мин при 5000 об./мин

Hypocrates is a genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor for (pseudo)hypohalous acids and their derivatives

The lack of tools to monitor the dynamics of (pseudo)hypohalous acids in live cells and tissues hinders a better understanding of inflammatory processes. Here we present a fluorescent genetically encoded biosensor, Hypocrates, for the visualization of (pseudo)hypohalous acids and their derivatives. Hypocrates consists of a circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein integrated into the structure of the transcription repressor NemR from Escherichia coli. We show that Hypocrates is ratiometric, reversible, and responds to its analytes in the 106 M-1s-1 range. Solving the Hypocrates X-ray structure provided insights into its sensing mechanism, allowing determination of the spatial organization in this circularly permuted fluorescent protein-based redox probe. We exemplify its applicability by imaging hypohalous stress in bacteria phagocytosed by primary neutrophils. Finally, we demonstrate that Hypocrates can be utilized in combination with HyPerRed for the simultaneous visualization of (pseudo)hypohalous acids and hydrogen peroxide dynamics in a zebrafish tail fin injury model

Apoptotic cell fragments locally activate tingible body macrophages in the germinal center

Germinal centers (GCs) that form within lymphoid follicles during antibody responses are sites of massive cell death. Tingible body macrophages (TBMs) are tasked with apoptotic cell clearance to prevent secondary necrosis and autoimmune activation by intracellular self antigens. We show by multiple redundant and complementary methods that TBMs derive from a lymph node-resident, CD169-lineage, CSF1R-blockade-resistant precursor that is prepositioned in the follicle. Non-migratory TBMs use cytoplasmic processes to chase and capture migrating dead cell fragments using a “lazy” search strategy. Follicular macrophages activated by the presence of nearby apoptotic cells can mature into TBMs in the absence of GCs. Single-cell transcriptomics identified a TBM cell cluster in immunized lymph nodes which upregulated genes involved in apoptotic cell clearance. Thus, apoptotic B cells in early GCs trigger activation and maturation of follicular macrophages into classical TBMs to clear apoptotic debris and prevent antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases

THE COMPARISON OF EXCHANGE-CORRELATION FUNCTIONALS FOR PREDICTING ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOYS CoCrFeMnNi, CoCrZrMnNi AND CoCrNbMnNi

The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of exchange-correlation functionals for calculating the bulk modulus of Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Nb, Ni, Zr components. Functionals for predicting the elastic properties of high-entropy alloys CoCrFeMnNi, CoCrZrMnNi and CoCrNbMnNi are proposed.Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-49-00015, https://rscf.ru/project/23-49-00015/ и с использованием ресурсов суперкомпьютерного центра Самарского университета

СПЕКТР ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЯ С ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ К РИФАМПИЦИНУ И РЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТЬЮ К ИЗОНИАЗИДУ У БОЛЬНЫХ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ ЛЕГКИХ

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Верификация ганглиоглиомы ассоциированной с нейрональной гетеротопией у взрослого пациента без эпилепсии с применением мультимодального подхода к визуализации

Gangliogliomas are known to be rare and mainly slow-growing benign primary central nervous system tumors, most frequently occurring in children and young adults. They are the most common epilepsy-associated tumors, which frequent location is the temporal lobe. Surgery often seems to be the best approach in controlling seizures in such patients. This paper deals with a rare case of ganglioglioma in a young adult patient with a temporal lobe tumor associated with neuronal heterotopy of white matter, but without epilepsy. Long-term dynamic observation including in-depth clinical, electroencephalographic, radiologic, and postsurgical histologic examination confirmed the documented neoplastic process without any manifestation of seizures over ten years. Surgical intervention was based on the results of a multimodal radiological examination, which demonstrated the presence of neoplasm in the structure of the pathological substrate of unclear etiology. Известно, что ганглиоглиомы являются редкими, и в основном, медленно растущими доброкачественными первичными опухолями центральной нервной системы, чаще всего встречающимися у детей и молодых людей. Это наиболее распространенные опухоли, ассоциированные с эпилепсией, часто локализующиеся в височной доле. Хирургия часто кажется лучшим подходом к контролю приступов у таких пациентов. В данной статье рассматривается редкий случай ганглиоглиомы локализованной в височной доле, ассоциированной с нейрональной гетеротопией белого вещества у молодого пациента, но без эпилепсии. Длительное динамическое наблюдение, включающее углубленное клиническое, электроэнцефалографическое, радиологическое и послеоперационное гистологическое исследование, документально подтвердили наличие неопластического процесса без приступов в течение десяти лет. Хирургическое вмешательство основывалось на результатах комплексного радиологического исследования, продемонстрировавшего наличие неоплазмы в структуре патологического субстрата неясной этиологии.

Treatment of Open-Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension with Preservative-Free Tafluprost/Timolol Fixed-Dose Combination Therapy : The VISIONARY Study

Funding Information: Funding was provided by Santen SA for the study, medical writing services and Rapid Service Fees. All authors had full access to all of the data in this study and take complete responsibility for the integrity of the data and accuracy of the data analysis. The contribution of IRCCS Fondazione Bietti to this work was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health and by Fondazione Roma. Publisher Copyright: © 2020, The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Introduction: A non-interventional, multicenter, European, prospective evaluation of the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of a topical preservative-free tafluprost (0.0015%) and timolol (0.5%) fixed-dose combination (PF tafluprost/timolol FC) in adults with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT) demonstrating insufficient response to topical beta-receptor blockers or prostaglandin analogue (PGA) monotherapy. Methods: Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) change from baseline was measured at study visits following a switch to PF tafluprost/timolol FC. Primary endpoint was absolute mean IOP change at month 6. Change from baseline concerning ocular signs and symptoms was also explored. Results: Analyses included 577 patients (59.6% female). Mean age (SD) was 67.8 (11.67) years. Mean (SD) IOP reduction from baseline was significant at all study visits; 5.4 (3.76) mmHg (23.7%) at week 4, 5.9 (3.90) mmHg (25.6%) at week 12, and 5.7 (4.11) mmHg (24.9%) at month 6 (p < 0.0001 for all visits). At month 6, 69.2%, 53.6%, 40.0%, and 25.8% were responders based on ≥ 20%, ≥ 25%, ≥ 30%, and ≥ 35% cutoff values for mean IOP, respectively. Significant reductions were observed concerning corneal fluorescein staining (p < 0.0001), dry eye symptoms, irritation, itching, and foreign body sensation (p < 0.001 for each parameter). Conjunctival hyperemia was significantly reduced at all study visits (p < 0.0001 at each visit). Overall, 69 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were reported, one of which was serious (status asthmaticus). Most AEs were mild to moderate in severity, and the majority had resolved or were resolving at the end of the study period. Conclusion: In clinical practice, PF tafluprost/timolol FC provided statistically and clinically significant IOP reductions in patients with OAG and OHT insufficiently controlled on or intolerant to PGA or beta-receptor blocker monotherapy. The full IOP reduction appeared at week 4 and was maintained over the 6-month study period. Key symptoms of ocular surface health improved. Trial Registration: European Union electronic Register of Post-Authorisation Studies (EU PAS) register number, EUPAS22204.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Glacial History of the North Atlantic Marine Snail, Littorina saxatilis, Inferred from Distribution of Mitochondrial DNA Lineages

The North Atlantic intertidal gastropod, Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792), exhibits extreme morphological variation between and within geographic regions and has become a model for studies of local adaptation; yet a comprehensive analysis of the species' phylogeography is lacking. Here, we examine phylogeographic patterns of the species' populations in the North Atlantic and one remote Mediterranean population using sequence variation in a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (607 bp). We found that, as opposed to many other rocky intertidal species, L. saxatilis has likely had a long and continuous history in the Northwest Atlantic, including survival during the last glacial maximum (LGM), possibly in two refugia. In the Northeast Atlantic, several areas likely harboured refugial populations that recolonized different parts of this region after glacial retreat, resulting in strong population structure. However, the outlying monomorphic Venetian population is likely a recent anthropogenic introduction from northern Europe and not a remnant of an earlier wider distribution in the Mediterranean Sea. Overall, our detailed phylogeography of L. saxatilis adds an important piece to the understanding of Pleistocene history in North Atlantic marine biota as well as being the first study to describe the species' evolutionary history in its natural range. The latter contribution is noteworthy because the snail has recently become an important model species for understanding evolutionary processes of speciation; thus our work provides integral information for such endeavours