PRISMA flow diagram of study selection process.

<p>PRISMA flow diagram of study selection process.</p

Proportion of studies with low, high, or unclear characteristics regarding ‘risk of bias.’

<p>Proportion of studies with low, high, or unclear characteristics regarding ‘risk of bias.’</p

Outcome measures of group B (studies focused on impacted teeth).

<p>ortho = orthodontist(s); pgs = postgraduate(s); dent = dentist(s); surg = dental surgeon; LHP = lateral headplate; OPT = orthopantomogram; CT = computer tomography; CBCT = cone beam computed tomography; MSCT = multi-slice computed tomography; 2D = two-dimensional.</p

Outcome measures of group A (studies not focused on impacted teeth).

<p>ortho = orthodontist(s); pgs = postgraduate(s); dent = dentist(s); period = periodontist(s); admini = administrative personnel; LHP = lateral headplate; OPT = orthopantomogram; 2D = two-dimensional.</p

Description of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool (QUADAS) −2 [8].

<p>Description of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool (QUADAS) −2 <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074186#pone.0074186-Whiting1" target="_blank">[8]</a>.</p

Pubmed search strategy.

<p>Pubmed search strategy.</p

Proportion of studies with low, high, or unclear characteristics regarding ‘applicability concerns.’

<p>Proportion of studies with low, high, or unclear characteristics regarding ‘applicability concerns.’</p

Results of the quality assessment of the included studies using the QUADAS-2 instrument.

<p>Yes = Low Risk.</p><p>No = High Risk.</p><p>? = Unclear Risk.</p

Mean differences (mm) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between first and second superimposition registered on the anterior cranial base.

<p>CB, anterior cranial base; FH, forehead; ZR, right zygomatic arch; ZL, left zygomatic arch; 1, first superimposition; 2, second superimposition; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error.</p

Distance maps to visualize the distances between two models registered on the anterior cranial base.

<p>Color coded distance maps to visualize the distances between two superimposed models registered on the anterior cranial base. The green color indicates that the superimposed model is in front of the original model and red color indicates the opposite. Each color graduation is 0.5 mm. (A) anterior cranial base. (B) the forehead region. (C) the right zygomatic arch. (D) the left zygomatic arch.</p