977 research outputs found
Primordial Black Hole Formation from Inflaton
Measurements of the distances to SNe Ia have produced strong evidence that
the Universe is really accelarating, implying the existence of a nearly uniform
component of dark energy with the simplest explanation as a cosmological
constant. In this paper a small changing cosmological term is proposed, which
is a function of a slow-rolling scalar field, by which the de Sitter primordial
black holes' properties, for both charged and uncharged cases, are carefully
examined and the relationship between the black hole formation and the energy
transfer of the inflaton within this cosmological term is eluciatedComment: 6 pages, Late
Observational constraints on low redshift evolution of dark energy: How consistent are different observations?
The dark energy component of the universe is often interpreted either in
terms of a cosmological constant or as a scalar field. A generic feature of the
scalar field models is that the equation of state parameter w= P/rho for the
dark energy need not satisfy w=-1 and, in general, it can be a function of
time. Using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method we perform a critical analysis
of the cosmological parameter space, allowing for a varying w. We use
constraints on w(z) from the observations of high redshift supernovae (SN), the
WMAP observations of CMB anisotropies and abundance of rich clusters of
galaxies. For models with a constant w, the LCDM model is allowed with a
probability of about 6% by the SN observations while it is allowed with a
probability of 98.9% by WMAP observations. The LCDM model is allowed even
within the context of models with variable w: WMAP observations allow it with a
probability of 99.1% whereas SN data allows it with 23% probability. The SN
data, on its own, favors phantom like equation of state (w<-1) and high values
for Omega_NR. It does not distinguish between constant w (with w<-1) models and
those with varying w(z) in a statistically significant manner. The SN data
allows a very wide range for variation of dark energy density, e.g., a
variation by factor ten in the dark energy density between z=0 and z=1 is
allowed at 95% confidence level. WMAP observations provide a better constraint
and the corresponding allowed variation is less than a factor of three.
Allowing for variation in w has an impact on the values for other cosmological
parameters in that the allowed range often becomes larger. (Abridged)Comment: 21 pages, PRD format (Revtex 4), postscript figures. minor
corrections to improve clarity; references, acknowledgement adde
The Evolution of Universe with th B-I Type Phantom Scalar Field
We considered the phantom cosmology with a lagrangian ,
which is original from the nonlinear Born-Infeld type scalar field with the
lagrangian . This cosmological model can explain the
accelerated expansion of the universe with the equation of state parameter
. We get a sufficient condition for a arbitrary potential to admit a
late time attractor solution: the value of potential at the critical
point should be maximum and large than zero. We study a specific
potential with the form of
via phase plane
analysis and compute the cosmological evolution by numerical analysis in
detail. The result shows that the phantom field survive till today (to account
for the observed late time accelerated expansion) without interfering with the
nucleosynthesis of the standard model(the density parameter
at the equipartition epoch), and also avoid the
future collapse of the universe.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures,typos corrected, references added,figures added
and enriched, title changed, main result remaine
Interacting New Agegraphic Dark Energy in a Cyclic Universe
The main goal of this work is investigation of NADE in the cyclic universe
scenario. Since, cyclic universe is explained by a phantom phase (),
it is shown when there is no interaction between matter and dark energy, ADE
and NADE do not produce a phantom phase, then can not describe cyclic universe.
Therefore, we study interacting models of ADE and NADE in the modified
Friedmann equation. We find out that, in the high energy regime, which it is a
necessary part of cyclic universe evolution, only NADE can describe this
phantom phase era for cyclic universe. Considering deceleration parameter tells
us that the universe has a deceleration phase after an acceleration phase, and
NADE is able to produce a cyclic universe. Also it is found valuable to study
generalized second law of thermodynamics. Since the loop quantum correction is
taken account in high energy regime, it may not be suitable to use standard
treatment of thermodynamics, so we turn our attention to the result of
\citep{29}, which the authors have studied thermodynamics in loop quantum
gravity, and we show that which condition can satisfy generalized second law of
thermodynamics.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Kasner and Mixmaster behavior in universes with equation of state w \ge 1
We consider cosmological models with a scalar field with equation of state
that contract towards a big crunch singularity, as in recent cyclic
and ekpyrotic scenarios. We show that chaotic mixmaster oscillations due to
anisotropy and curvature are suppressed, and the contraction is described by a
homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann equation if . We generalize the
results to theories where the scalar field couples to p-forms and show that
there exists a finite value of , depending on the p-forms, such that chaotic
oscillations are suppressed. We show that orbifold compactification also
contributes to suppressing chaotic behavior. In particular, chaos is avoided in
contracting heterotic M-theory models if at the crunch.Comment: 25 pages, 2 figures, minor changes, references adde
Large Scale Inhomogeneities from the QCD Phase Transition
We examine the first-order cosmological QCD phase transition for a large
class of parameter values, previously considered unlikely. We find that the
hadron bubbles can nucleate at very large distance scales, they can grow as
detonations as well as deflagrations, and that the phase transition may be
completed without reheating to the critical temperature. For a subset of the
parameter values studied, the inhomogeneities generated at the QCD phase
transition might have a noticeable effect on nucleosynthesis.Comment: 15 LaTeX pages + 6 PostScript figures appended at the end of the
file, HU-TFT-94-1
Bubble Growth as a Detonation
Bubble growth as a detonation is studied in the context of cosmological phase
transitions. It is proved that the so called Chapman-Jouguet hypothesis, which
restricts the types of detonations that can occur in spherically symmetric
chemical burning, does not hold in the case of phase transitions. Therefore a
much larger class of detonation solutions exists in phase transitions than in
chemical burning.Comment: 15 LaTeX-pages with 5 ps-figures appended at the end, preprint
HU-TFT-93-4
The Vacuum in Light-Cone Field Theory
This is an overview of the problem of the vacuum in light-cone field theory,
stressing its close connection to other puzzles regarding light-cone
quantization. I explain the sense in which the light-cone vacuum is
``trivial,'' and describe a way of setting up a quantum field theory on null
planes so that it is equivalent to the usual equal-time formulation. This
construction is quite helpful in resolving the puzzling aspects of the
light-cone formalism. It furthermore allows the extraction of effective
Hamiltonians that incorporate vacuum physics, but that act in a Hilbert space
in which the vacuum state is simple. The discussion is fairly informal, and
focuses mainly on the conceptual issues. [Talk presented at {\sc Orbis
Scientiae 1996}, Miami Beach, FL, January 25--28, 1996. To appear in the
proceedings.]Comment: 20 pages, RevTeX, 4 Postscript figures. Minor typos correcte
Eternal inflation and the initial singularity
It is shown that a physically reasonable spacetime that is eternally
inflating to the future must possess an initial singularity.Comment: 11 pages, Tufts University cosmology preprin
EVAPORATION OF QUARK DROPS DURING THE COSMOLOGICAL Q-H TRANSITION
We have carried out a study of the hydrodynamics of disconnected quark
regions during the final stages of the cosmological quark-hadron transition. A
set of relativistic Lagrangian equations is presented for following the
evaporation of a single quark drop and results from the numerical solution of
this are discussed. A self-similar solution is shown to exist and the formation
of baryon number density inhomogeneities at the end of the drop contraction is
discussed.Comment: 12 pages Phys. Rev. format, uuencoded postscript file including 12
figure
- …