Study of the photodegradation of tribenuron-methyl in aqueous solution of two Moroccan soils

Photodegradation of Tribenuron-methyl [methyl 2-(((((4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2- yl)methylamino)carbonyl)amino)sulfonyl)benzoate] was carried out in aqueous solution under UV light. The research of the structures of the photoproducts highlighted by follow-up CLHP was carried out by coupling CLHP/SM. The results of this study allowed concluding that the transformation of the tribenuron-methyl depends on the pH of the medium and the light of irradiation. With this intention, the study of the retention, the mineralization of the tribenuron-methyl in two Moroccan soils of the area of Gharb (Northwest of Morocco) called Tirs and Dehs was carried out using the molecule labelled on carbon ureic and in controlled conditions. The adsorption and desorption of the tribenuron-methyl by the two grounds were carried out by the method of Batch balancing. The adsorption of the active matter follows a nonlinear isotherm. The ground Dehs has a more important affinity for the molecule the tribenuron-methyl than the ground Tirs. The desorption of the tribenuron-methyl is more important starting from the ground Dehs. The mineralization of the molecule by biological way is more important starting from the ground Tirs. The contribution of nitrogen seems to inhibit the process of mineralization starting from this ground

Influence of humic fractions on retention of isoproturon residues in two Moroccan soils

The influence of different fractions of soil organic matter on the retention of the herbicide isoproturon (IPU) has been evaluated. Water and methanol extractable residues of 14C labeled isoproturon have been determined in two Moroccan soils by β-counting–liquid chromatography. The quantification of bound residues in soil and in different fractions of soil humic substances has been performed using pyrolysis/scintillation-detected gas-chromatography. Microbial mineralization of the herbicide and soil organic matter has been also monitored. Retention of isoproturon residues after 30-days incubation ranged from 22% to 32% (non-extractable fraction). The radioactivity extracted in an aqueous environment was from 20% to 33% of the amount used for the treatment; meanwhile, methanol was able to extract another 48%. Both soils showed quantities of bound residues into the humin fraction higher than humic and fulvic acids. The total amount of residues retained into the organic matter of the soils was about 65 % of non-extractable fraction, and this percentage did not change with incubation time; on the contrary, the sorption rate of the retention reaction is mostly influenced by the clay fraction and organic content of the soil. Only a little part of the herbicide was mineralized during the experimental time

Pesticide sorption and desorption by lignin described by an intraparticle diffusion model

Lignin was used as a model compound for soil organic matter to gain insight into the mechanisms that control the kinetics of pesticide sorption and desorption. Hydrolytic lignin was immobilized in a matrix of alginate gel, and sorption−desorption experiments were undertaken with isoproturon. Sorption increased with time and was close to equilibrium after 14 days. Desorption was measured after sorption for different time intervals and for a number of successive desorption steps of different lengths. The results showed strong differences between the sorption and desorption isotherms. The ratio of sorbed to dissolved pesticide approached and even exceeded the equilibrium ratio, depending on the number of desorption steps and the length of each equilibration period. A numerical diffusion model was developed to describe radial diffusion into the lignin particles in combination with Freundlich sorption inside the particles. Key model parameters were adjusted to fit the sorption data, and the same parameters were then used to predict stepwise desorption. Desorption was well described by the model, which suggests that sorption and desorption were driven by the same mechanism and occurred at the same rate. The observed difference between the sorption and desorption isotherms could be fully explained by the nonattainment of equilibrium due to slow diffusion into and out of the lignin particles