Can we trust elemental abundances derived in late-type giants with the classical 1D stellar atmosphere models?

We compare the abundances of various chemical species as derived with 3D hydrodynamical and classical 1D stellar atmosphere codes in a late-type giant characterized by T_eff=3640K, log g = 1.0, [M/H] = 0.0. For this particular set of atmospheric parameters the 3D-1D abundance differences are generally small for neutral atoms and molecules but they may reach up to 0.3-0.4 dex in case of ions. The 3D-1D differences generally become increasingly more negative at higher excitation potentials and are typically largest in the optical wavelength range. Their sign can be both positive and negative, and depends on the excitation potential and wavelength of a given spectral line. While our results obtained with this particular late-type giant model suggest that 1D stellar atmosphere models may be safe to use with neutral atoms and molecules, care should be taken if they are exploited with ions.Comment: Poster presented at the IAU Symposium 265 "Chemical Abundances in the Universe: Connecting First Stars to Planets", Rio de Janeiro, 10-14 August 2009; 2 pages, 1 figur

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Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Mothers’ attitudes toward peer play

Autorės Monikos Skerytės-Kazlauskienės prieskyra nurodyta : "Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences"Mothers’ attitudes toward their children’s peer play is analyzed in the chapter. Research data was collected in the families that have two or more children of various ages and where children’s play is valued. Six interviews with mothers were carried out. The mothers were asked about the value of children’s peer play. Analysis of the data highlighted the most significant aspects of peer play outlined by the mothers: peer play releases children’s creative potential; peer play is a space where children develop long-lasting mutual relationships; constantly changing peer play support the development of children. In addition, the study revealed that mother’s understanding of children’s conflicts in play differs from the existing institutional practices. The implications of these findings suggest, that knowledgeable parents possess deep and valuable observations of children’s peer play that should be used to reconceptualize some important topics in early childhood educationEdukologijos tyrimų institutasVytauto Didžiojo universitetasŠvietimo akademij