Effect of Ethanoic Extract of Treculia Africana Seeds on Total Cholesterol, Total Protein, and Nitric Oxide

Treculia africana is well known and eaten by the people of South-South and South-East region of Nigeria. T. africana can be eaten alone or process and combine it with other fruits. It is nutritious and provide natural bioactive substance to the body. This study was aim to evaluate the Effect of Ethanoic Extract of Treculia africana Seeds on Total Cholesterol, Total Protein, and Nitric Oxide. It was an experimental research. 20 male rats were randomly selected into four groups (control, low dose, moderate dose and high dose groups) with five animals per group.  Group A served as control and received only water and pellet feed, Group B (low dose) received 250mg/kg, group C (moderate dose) received 300mg/kgand group D (high dose) received 350mg/kg of aqueous extract of Treculia africana seed respectively. The extract was administered orally to the rats once a day for a period of 10days. On the 11th day, the animals were anaesthetized with chloroform soaked in cotton wool and blood tissues were collected. The results revealed that,there is significantly increase in the serum levels of total protein in all the treated groups when compared with control (Total protein control 51.40±0.51, low dose 61.60±0.51* medium dose 71.60±0.51*, and 71.80±1.07*). Total cholesterol significantly decreased when both medium and high dose were administered when compared with control (Total cholesterol control 2.34±0.05, medium dose 1.90±0.07*, high dose 1.96±0.19*). Also, nitric oxide significantly increases serum levels in the groups treated with T. africana when compared with control (Nitric oxide control 7.16±0.14, low dose 8.98±0.09*, medium dose 8.50±0.15* and high dose 8.02±0.11*)

Ascertaining the Overall Occurrence of Dental Fluorosis in Students of Selected Secondary Schools in Rivers State

Public health places a premium on understanding the amount of fluoride in potable water and other toothpastes, as well as how it affects skeletal and dental tissues to cause fluorosis. Fluorosis is, however, poorly understood and known in Nigeria. The goal of this research was to Ascertain the Overall Occurrence of Dental Fluorosis in Students of Selected Secondary Schools in Rivers State. A cross-sectional survey of 541 students from selected secondary schools in Rivers State who were between the ages of 9 and 17 was carried out. All students present at school on the day of data collection had their mouths examined by oral health professionals as part of a quasi-experimental method. Each subject was supported by a torch light while seated on a chair, and their teeth were examined for dental fluorosis in their wet state. The presence of dental fluorosis and the severity of it were documented using Dean's Dental Fluorosis. The presence of dental fluorosis and the severity of it were documented using Dean's Dental Fluorosis. (358) Dental fluorosis impacted 66.17% of the students, varying in severity from very mild to severe cases

Effects of Englerina drummondii Balle ex Polhill and Wiens leaves extract on selected female rat organs’ weights

Background: Herbal medicine are patronized by several people across the globe This herbal medicine is routinely use and are more accessible and available. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Englerina drummondii Balle ex Polhill and Wiens leaves on rat organs (thyroid gland, kidneys, ovary and fallopian tubes) weights in female rats. Methods: 20 female rats were selected randomly into 4 groups with 5 rats per group. Group 1 received 5 ml/kg of water, group 2 received extract 100 mg/kg, group 3 received extract 200 mg/kg, and group 4 received extract 400 mg/kg. Administration of extract was done for 28 days. Results: The study revealed significance decreased in the weight of the left ovary organ when extract of medium dose (200 mg/kg) and high dose (400 mg/kg) was administered, as compared to control. The result also shows decrease in the organs weight of the thyroid gland, left kidney, right and left fallopian tubes extract of low, medium and high dose were administered. The right kidney shows increase when low dose extract was given but decrease when both low and medium dose of extract was given. However, this decrease is not significance and could be due to dose or time dependent. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 23 and p<0.05 was significant. Conclusions: There was significance decreased in the weight of the left ovary organ when extract of medium dose (200 mg/kg) and high dose (400 mg/kg) was administered. Also, there is decrease in other organs weight when low, medium and high dose was given but not significance

Effects of Smoothies on Semen Parameters, Nitric Oxide and Total Protein in Male Wistar Rats

Fruits are very important to humans and they have several essential nutrients that are important to improve their overall health. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of smoothies (banana, apple and pineapple) on semen parameters and nitric oxide in male Wistar rats. Thirty (30) animals weighing 130kg to 180kg were randomly selected into 6 groups with 5 animals per group. Group 1 received 5mls of distilled water, group 2 received 1ml/kg (low dose) of smoothies, group 3 received 2ml/kg (medium dose), group 4 received 3ml/kg (high dose), group 5 received 400mg/kg of monosodium glutamate, group 6 received 400mg/kg of monosodium-glutamate and 3ml/kg (high dose) of smoothies co-administered. Administration was carried out for 14 days and on the 15th day, the animals were sacrificed, semen was harvested and 5ml blood was collected via cardiac puncture. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and expressed as Mean±SEM. Statistically P < 0.05 was said to be significant. SPSS version 26 was used. Results from the study showed significant increase in sperm morphology and sperm volume and decrease in sperm count and sperm viability. There was significant increase in the level of nitric oxide dose-dependent and thus could aid erection in male