An Introduction to Fourier Analysis with Applications to Music

In our modern world, we are often faced with problems in which a traditionally analog signal is discretized to enable computer analysis. A fundamental tool used by mathematicians, engineers, and scientists in this context is the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), which allows us to analyze individual frequency components of digital signals. In this paper we develop the discrete Fourier transform from basic calculus, providing the reader with the setup to understand how the DFT can be used to analyze a musical signal for chord structure. By investigating the DFT alongside an application in music processing, we gain an appreciation for the mathematics utilized in digital signal processing

Defining best practices in sustainable urban regeneration projects

This paper aims at analysing three international sustainable urban regeneration projects. The analysis is based in the application of ten urban sustainability indicators from two sustainability assessment tools (Sustainable Building Tool for Urban Planning in Portugal - SBToolPT-UP and International Sustainable Building Tool for Urban Planning– SBTool Urban) that are being developed at national and international level, respectively. Through this analysis it is intend to define the best practices for sustainable urban design, which allows to define the benchmarks of both tools and to support designers in the processes of decision making which goal is to optimize the sustainability of new or regenerated urban areas

Ästhetische Erfahrung und visuelle Kompetenz: Zur Erweiterung der diskursiven Medienkompetenz um präsentative Elemente

Der Autor beschreibt den gegenwärtigen theoretischen Diskurs um den Begriff der Medienkompetenz und stellt fest, dass ihm das gerade bei Kindern und Jugendlichen bedeutende Element der ästhetischen Erfahrung darin fehlt. Als solche bezeichnet er nichtsprachliche Elemente des gemeinsamen medialen Erlebens. Zunächst wird dies an der Rockmusik ausgeführt, die Teil einer bestimmten Jugendkultur ist. Die Rockmusik wird vom Autor in Zusammenhang gesetzt mit milieuspezifischer Sozialisation, Gefühls- und Erfahrungswelten. Ähnlich wie die Musik sind auch Bilder ein wichtiger Bestandteil der ästhetischen Kultur von Kindern und Jugendlichen, wie der Autor unter Ausführung semiotischer und kognitionspsychologischer Grundlagen der Bildwahrnehmung ausführt. Anschließend setzt er die kognitiven Reifeprozesse in Zusammenhang mit der Entwicklung medialer Kompetenzen, Er plädiert dafür, die visuelle und die musikalische Kompetenz nicht der linearen, auf Eindeutigkeit ausgerichteten Lesekompetenz unterzuordnen, sondern alle als Bestandteil der Medienkompetenz zu betrachten

Improving Article Classification with Edge-Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks

Classifying research output into context-specific label taxonomies is a challenging and relevant downstream task, given the volume of existing and newly published articles. We propose a method to enhance the performance of article classification by enriching simple Graph Neural Networks (GNN) pipelines with edge-heterogeneous graph representations. SciBERT is used for node feature generation to capture higher-order semantics within the articles' textual metadata. Fully supervised transductive node classification experiments are conducted on the Open Graph Benchmark (OGB) ogbn-arxiv dataset and the PubMed diabetes dataset, augmented with additional metadata from Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) and PubMed Central, respectively. The results demonstrate that edge-heterogeneous graphs consistently improve the performance of all GNN models compared to the edge-homogeneous graphs. The transformed data enable simple and shallow GNN pipelines to achieve results on par with more complex architectures. On ogbn-arxiv, we achieve a top-15 result in the OGB competition with a 2-layer GCN (accuracy 74.61%), being the highest-scoring solution with sub-1 million parameters. On PubMed, we closely trail SOTA GNN architectures using a 2-layer GraphSAGE by including additional co-authorship edges in the graph (accuracy 89.88%). The implementation is available at: $\href{https://github.com/lyvykhang/edgehetero-nodeproppred}{\text{https://github.com/lyvykhang/edgehetero-nodeproppred}}$

Relational Deep Learning: Graph Representation Learning on Relational Databases

Much of the world's most valued data is stored in relational databases and data warehouses, where the data is organized into many tables connected by primary-foreign key relations. However, building machine learning models using this data is both challenging and time consuming. The core problem is that no machine learning method is capable of learning on multiple tables interconnected by primary-foreign key relations. Current methods can only learn from a single table, so the data must first be manually joined and aggregated into a single training table, the process known as feature engineering. Feature engineering is slow, error prone and leads to suboptimal models. Here we introduce an end-to-end deep representation learning approach to directly learn on data laid out across multiple tables. We name our approach Relational Deep Learning (RDL). The core idea is to view relational databases as a temporal, heterogeneous graph, with a node for each row in each table, and edges specified by primary-foreign key links. Message Passing Graph Neural Networks can then automatically learn across the graph to extract representations that leverage all input data, without any manual feature engineering. Relational Deep Learning leads to more accurate models that can be built much faster. To facilitate research in this area, we develop RelBench, a set of benchmark datasets and an implementation of Relational Deep Learning. The data covers a wide spectrum, from discussions on Stack Exchange to book reviews on the Amazon Product Catalog. Overall, we define a new research area that generalizes graph machine learning and broadens its applicability to a wide set of AI use cases.Comment: https://relbench.stanford.ed

Growing Degree Days Web Application

This paper describes the process of researching, developing, and testing a growing degree web application that can be used on mobile devices

Simple Models for Describing Ruminant Herbivory

The use of quantitative independent variables in experiments allows the use of regression to explore the functional relationship between treatments applied and measured responses. It provides the opportunity to not only understand the magnitude and importance of the response but also ascertain its nature. The simplest approach is to fit a polynomial. While it is often possible to obtain a very good fit using this approach, it offers in the way of providing insight into the response. At best, you can determine if the response is nonlinear and if so, if it is complex or not. The model parameters are empirical and generally cannot be interpreted as having any biological, chemical, or physical meaning—at least not directly. There are situations, however, when such a meaning can be inferred from a model fit using simple regression. In general, this is true when the relationship is truly linear or when a nonlinear model can be considered to be “intrinsically” linear; that is, it can be linearized by transforming the data in a way that can be fit using simple linear regression. A series of forage quality examples are used to illustrate these concepts in this article

Effect of Soybean Cyst Nematodes on Soybean Gene Expression

Soybean Cyst Nematodes are a recurring parasite that can drastically afflict yield. Further understanding of the interaction between the pest and its soybean host is essential to working towards increased plant resistance. Utilizing current molecular biology techniques, the plant response to parasitical exposure was analyzed, focusing on the effect on gene expression due to the presence and damage caused by the nematode, homozygous screening and western blot was also used to determine the genetic change in the samples. Through observing the stages of growth of the plant in conjunction with exposure to nematodes, affected phenotype of the plant samples was also observed in progressive stages