1,727 research outputs found
Decision Makers Facing Uncertainty: Theory versus Evidence
We consider three competing normative theories of how to make choices when facing uncertainty: subjective expected utility, maximin utility and minimax regret. In simple decision problems, we compare how decision makers under each of these theories value safe options, freedom of choice and information. We then use these models to predict answers to questions in the European Values Survey and use these predictions via a latent class analysis to estimate the distribution of these behaviors across Europe. We find a larger proportion of Bayesians in the Northern countries than in Southern countries. The opposite is true for maximin utility behavior. Only a few are consistent with minimax regret behavior
Global dynamics above the ground state for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation without a radial assumption
We extend our previous result on the focusing cubic Klein-Gordon equation in
three dimensions to the non-radial case, giving a complete classification of
global dynamics of all solutions with energy at most slightly above that of the
ground state.Comment: 40 page
Memetic Multilevel Hypergraph Partitioning
Hypergraph partitioning has a wide range of important applications such as
VLSI design or scientific computing. With focus on solution quality, we develop
the first multilevel memetic algorithm to tackle the problem. Key components of
our contribution are new effective multilevel recombination and mutation
operations that provide a large amount of diversity. We perform a wide range of
experiments on a benchmark set containing instances from application areas such
VLSI, SAT solving, social networks, and scientific computing. Compared to the
state-of-the-art hypergraph partitioning tools hMetis, PaToH, and KaHyPar, our
new algorithm computes the best result on almost all instances
Global dynamics away from the ground state for the energy-critical nonlinear wave equation
We study global behavior of radial solutions for the nonlinear wave equation with the focusing energy critical nonlinearity in three and five space dimensions. Assuming that the solution has energy at most slightly more than the ground states and gets away from them in the energy space, we can classify its behavior into four cases, according to whether it blows up in finite time or scatters to zero, in forward or backward time direction. We prove that initial data for each case constitute a non-empty open set in the energy space. This is an extension of the recent results by the latter two authors on the subcritical nonlinear Klein- Gordon and Schr¨odinger equations, except for the part of the center manifolds. The key step is to prove the “one-pass” theorem, which states that the transition from the scattering region to the blow-up region can take place at most once along each trajectory. The main new ingredients are the control of the scaling parameter and the blow-up characterization by Duyckaerts, Kenig, and Merle
Imitation in Large Games
In games with a large number of players where players may have overlapping
objectives, the analysis of stable outcomes typically depends on player types.
A special case is when a large part of the player population consists of
imitation types: that of players who imitate choice of other (optimizing)
types. Game theorists typically study the evolution of such games in dynamical
systems with imitation rules. In the setting of games of infinite duration on
finite graphs with preference orderings on outcomes for player types, we
explore the possibility of imitation as a viable strategy. In our setup, the
optimising players play bounded memory strategies and the imitators play
according to specifications given by automata. We present algorithmic results
on the eventual survival of types
A network model to investigate structural and electrical properties of proteins
One of the main trend in to date research and development is the
miniaturization of electronic devices. In this perspective, integrated
nanodevices based on proteins or biomolecules are attracting a major interest.
In fact, it has been shown that proteins like bacteriorhodopsin and azurin,
manifest electrical properties which are promising for the development of
active components in the field of molecular electronics. Here we focus on two
relevant kinds of proteins: The bovine rhodopsin, prototype of GPCR protein,
and the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), whose inhibition is one of the most
qualified treatments of Alzheimer disease. Both these proteins exert their
functioning starting with a conformational change of their native structure.
Our guess is that such a change should be accompanied with a detectable
variation of their electrical properties. To investigate this conjecture, we
present an impedance network model of proteins, able to estimate the different
electrical response associated with the different configurations. The model
resolution of the electrical response is found able to monitor the structure
and the conformational change of the given protein. In this respect, rhodopsin
exhibits a better differential response than AChE. This result gives room to
different interpretations of the degree of conformational change and in
particular supports a recent hypothesis on the existence of a mixed state
already in the native configuration of the protein.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figure
Fluticasone Propionate Orally Disintegrating Tablet (APT-1011) for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topical steroids are effective treatments for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). The FLUTE (Fluticasone in EoE) trial evaluated safety and efficacy of APT-1011 (fluticasone propionate oral disintegrating tablet) vs placebo for treatment of EoE.
In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding, phase 2b trial, 106 adults with EoE received 1 of 4 APT-1011 doses or placebo for a 12-week induction period and 40 weeks of maintenance. Primary outcome was histologic response (≤6 eosinophils per high-power field) at Week 12. Secondary outcomes included endoscopic features and dysphagia frequency.
Histologic response rates were 0% for placebo, 80% for APT-1011 3 mg twice daily (BID), 67% for 3 mg at bedtime (HS), 86% for 1.5 mg BID, 48% for 1.5 mg HS (P < .001 for all groups vs placebo). At Week 12, mean Edema/Rings/Exudates/Furrows/Strictures (EoE Endoscopic Reference Score) total score (max, 9.0) improved from 4.5 to 2.3 for 3 mg BID, 5.3 to 2.1 for 3 mg HS, 4.6 to 1.7 for 1.5 mg BID, 5.3 to 2.9 for 1.5 mg HS vs 5.2 to 4.5 for placebo. Mean dysphagia frequency over 14 days improved from baseline to Week 12 with all active groups improving more than placebo. Improvements were sustained to Week 52. APT-1011 was safe and well-tolerated, with higher incidence of candidiasis noted at the higher twice daily doses.
APT-1011 dosing regimens were superior for histologic and endoscopic responses, and for reduction in dysphagia frequency vs placebo. Based on the symptom improvement and assessment of adverse events together with the histologic response rate, 3 mg once daily at bedtime dose showed the most favorable risk-benefit profile.
gov, Number: NCT03191864
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