The study of multifragmentation around transition energy in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions

Fragmentation of light charged particles is studied for various systems at different incident energies between 50 and 1000 MeV/nucleon. We analyze fragment production at incident energies above, below and at transition energies using the isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics(IQMD) model. The trends observed for the fragment production and rapidity distributions depend upon the incident energy, size of the fragments, composite mass of the reacting system as well as on the impact parameter of the reaction. The free nucleons and light charged particles show continous homogeneous changes irrespective of the transition energies indicating that there is no relation between the transition energy and production of the free as well as light charged particles

New approach for promoting HPV vaccination in college men based on multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change

Letter to Edito

Promoting physical activity in upper elementary children using multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change

Background: Physical activity and exercise offer numerous benefits to children and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines require that school children engage in at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day.  Unfortunately, up to 30% elementary students do not meet these requirements and 79% elementary schools do not provide students with physical education classes every day. The transition from elementary to secondary school is particularly deleterious for levels of physical activity. Therefore, there is a need to develop educational interventions for upper elementary school children to promote physical activity. A new theory multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change can be utilized to develop such interventions.Objectives: The purpose of this article was to develop and introduce an instrument based on MTM for physical activity change in upper elementary school children and propose an approach for changing this behavior among sedentary students.Methods: A review of literature in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and ERIC databases was conducted for physical activity in upper elementary children and multi-theory model of health behavior change to prepare this article. Results: An instrument with Flesch-Kincaid Grade level of 5.4 and the Flesch Reading Ease of 68 making it suitable for administration with upper elementary school children was developed. An approach utilizing the constructs of participatory dialogue, behavioral confidence and changes in physical environment to initiate physical activity and reifying the constructs of emotional transformation, practice for change and changes in social environment to sustain physical activity in upper elementary school children is presented.Conclusions: MTM offers potential to augment current educational efforts to promote physical activity in upper elementary school children

Epididymal Cyst - A Case Study

Cysts of the epididymis are usually congenital and derived from an embryonic remnant. These cysts are due to cystic degeneration of remnants of the paramesonephric or Mullerian duct and Remnants of the mesonephric duct or Wolffian duct system. Here we report a case of bilateral Epididymal cysts in a middle aged man with a complaint of scrotal lump and infertility since 15 years. He was treated with excision of the cysts under local anaesthesia and had a marked improvement in scrotal discomfort and urgency of micturition after the treatment

Proof-of-concept thermoelectric oxygen sensor exploiting oxygen mobility of GdBaCo2O5+{\delta}

In this paper, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept oxygen sensor based on the thermoelectric principle using polycrystalline $GdBaCo_2O_{5+\delta}$ where 0.45<${\delta}$<0.55 (GDCO). The lattice oxygen in layered double perovskite oxides is highly susceptible to the ambient oxygen partial pressure. The as-synthesized GDCO sample processed in ambient conditions shows pure orthorhombic ($P_{mmm}$ space group) phase and a ${\delta}$-value close to 0.5 as confirmed from X-ray diffraction reitveld refinement. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows significant $Co^{3+}$ oxidation state in non-octahedral sites in addition to $Co^{3+}$ and $Co^{4+}$ in octahedral sites. The insulator-to-metal transition (MIT) is observed at nearly 340 K as seen in electrical resistivity and seebeck coefficient measurements. The seebeck coefficient shows a large change of about 10-13 $\mu$V/K with time constant of ~20 sec, at room temperature (300 K) when the gas ambience changes from 100% oxygen to 100% nitrogen and vice versa, under a constant temperature gradient of 1 K. The response in seebeck is found to be particularly large below MIT. The diffusion of oxygen into the lattice leading to hole doping shows a large change in carrier concentration resulting in a large change in the seebeck coefficient in insulating state. On the other hand, due to insignificant increase in already large carrier concentration in metallic state the change in seebeck is minimal. Nevertheless, below MIT the response is fairly reproducible within stoichiometry ${\delta}$ = 0.5 $\pm$ 0.05. This principle shall be of significant utility to design the oxygen sensors which work at room temperature or even cryogenic temperatures

Partial characterization of a 36-kDa antigen of Entamoeba histolytica and its recognition by sera from patients with amoebiasis

A 36-kDa antigen of axenically grown pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica (HM1-IMSS) was eluted from the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)-resolved crude amoebic extract antigens. The immunoreactivity of this partially purified 36-kDa antigen with monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 3D10 altered significantly (P&lt;0.01) after heat and trypsin treatment but remained unaltered after treatment with sodium metaperiodate (P&gt;0.5), thereby indicating the protein nature of the epitope recognized by MoAb 3D10. The epitope was found to be localized on the surface as well as in the cytoplasm of the E. histolytica trophozoites with the majority of it in the cytoplasm. In addition, this epitope was also found to be present on the cyst form of the parasite. The 36-kDa molecule was recognized by the sera from 29 (85%) of the 34 patients with amoebic liver abscess and five (83%) of the six patients with amoebic colitis. No serum samples from asymptomatic cyst passers, from patients with non-amoebic hepatic or intestinal disorders and apparently healthy subjects had antibodies that reacted with this 36-kDa molecule. The immune responses in man to this 36-kDa amoebic molecule indicate a potential specific role for this molecule in invasive amoebiasis

Numerical calculation of particle collection efficiency in an electrostatic precipitator

The present numerical study involves the finding of the collection efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) using a finite volume (ANUPRAVAHA) solver for the Navier–Stokes and continuity equations, along with the Poisson’s equation for electric potential and current continuity. The particle movement is simulated using a Lagrangian approach to predict the trajectory of single particles in a fluid as the result of various forces acting on the particle. The ESP model consists of three wires and three collecting plates of combined length of L placed one after another. The calculations are carried out for a wire-to-plate spacing H= 0.175 m, length of ESP L= 2.210 m and wire-to-wire spacing of 0.725 m with radius of wire R wire= 10 mm and inlet air-particle velocity of 1.2 m/s. Different electrical potentials (φ= 15–30 kV) are applied to the three discharge electrodes wires. It is seen that the particle collection efficiency of the ESP increases with increasing particle diameter, electrical potential and plate length for a given inlet velocity