The first structural study on a cyclic tricoordinate phosphorochloridite and a pentacoordinate phosphorane based on 1,2,3,5-protected myo-inositol-a new conformation of 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane ring

Treatment of the phosphoramidite {myo-C6H6-2-[OC(O)Ph]-1,3,5-(O3CH)-4,6-(O2P-NH-i-Pr)} with o-chloranil affords the first example of inositol-based pentacoordinate phosphorane {myo-C6H6-2-[OC(O)Ph]-1,3,5-(O3CH)-4,6-(O2P-NH-i-Pr)(1,2-O2C6Cl4)} (9) (X-ray structure) with a trigonal bipyramidal geometry at phosphorus. The six-membered 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane ring with the inositol residue has an unusual boat conformation in 9 which is quite different from that found in unrestrained rings investigated before, but is similar to that of its PIII chloro precursor {myo-C6H6-2-[OC(O)Ph]-1,3,5-(O3CH)-4,6-(O2PCl)} (X-ray structure). Also, a convenient and chromatography-free procedure for the protected myo-inositol derivative {myo-C6H6-2-[OC(O)Ph]-1,3,5-(O3CH)-4,6-(OH)2} is reported

Chemistry and Toxicology of Sulphur Mustard- A Review

Bis (2-chloroethyl) sulphide commonly known as sulphur mustard (SM) is highly reactive bifunctional compound, documented as antimitotic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic and cytotoxic agent. It is a powerful vesicant and has been employed as a chemical warfare agent. Skin, eyes and respiratory tract are the principal target organs and the deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) is the most important molecular target of SM toxicity. There is no specific antidote for SM injury .Treatment to SM toxicity is symptomatic

Dyeing of silk using Madhuca longifolia as natural dye source

The dried leaves of Madhuca longifolia has been evaluated for their potential as a source for natural dyeing of silk. Dye has been extracted under optimum conditions such as extraction pH (10), time (60 min) and temperature (95̊°C). The extracted dye has been applied on the silk fabrics and a range of shades are obtained using different methods with or without using mordants. It is found that mordants have a significant effect on the color of dyed silk fabrics. The dyed samples have been evaluated for color measurements and standard wash, light and rub fastness tests. The extracted dye is also tested for some of the eco-parameters using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and GC/MS. The test results are compared with set standards to determine the eco-friendliness of natural dye. Their concentrations are found to be lower than the stipulated limits. The dyed samples are also tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The dyed silk fabrics show acceptable fastness properties and are found to possess antibacterial activity. The results show that Madhuca longifolia leaves are promising as a natural colorant, which would, in turn, pave the way for the discovery of a new range of environment-friendly dyes for textile materials

Management of lateral end clavicle fractures-using lateral clavicle locking plate: a prospective study

Background: Lateral end clavicle fractures are one of the common upper limb fractures. They constitute 21–28% of all clavicle fractures. Of these 10–52% is displaced fractures. The management of fractures of lateral end clavicle remains debated and challenging. The objectivbe of this study is to evaluate the functional outcome following surgical treatment of unstable/displaced (Neer type II lateral clavicle fractures, and acromio-clavicular joint dislocations Rockwood grade III to V) lateral end clavicle fractures using lateral clavicle locking plate.Methods: It is a prospective study conducted in the orthopaedics department of GSL Medical College and General Hospital for a period of 3 years (April 2016 to March 2019) among a total of 60 patients.Results: About 23 (38.3%) belonged to 41–50 years age group, followed by 16 (26.7%) to 31–40 years age group and 13 (21.7%) to >51 years age group and 8 (13.3%) to 18–30 years age group. The time from trauma to surgery ranged from 0-15 days with a mean of 5 days and the mean operating time was 41 minutes ranging between 23-70 minutes. Mean duration to union was 13.33±2.126 weeks and the mean Constant Murley score was 88.56. Functional outcome at 6 months follow up was excellent in 8 (13.3%), good in 37 (61.7%), fair in 13 (21.7%) and poor in 2 (3.3%) patients.Conclusions: Although there is no consensus as to a “gold standard” fixation method for unstable distal clavicle fractures, satisfactory outcomes could be obtained using the lateral clavicle locking plate resulting in sufficient stabilization and good functional outcome

ADAPTIVE BLIND NOISE SUPPRESSION

Volume 1 Issue 6 (August 2013

Characterization of the first hexacoordinate phosphorus compound with S→P←S bonds

The first example of a hexacoordinate phosphorus compound [S{6-t-Bu-4-Me-C6H2O}2]2P+(Cl-· C3H4N2) with two S→P bonds is reported. This compound can be construed as an oxophosphonium salt with double intramolecular coordination by sulfur atoms. X-ray structure reveals a facial arrangement of the ligands with two coordinating sulfur atoms cis to each other. The S→P distance of 2.334 (1) Å is one among very short coordinate bond distances between sulfur and phosphorus

8-(2-Chloro­phen­yl)-1-(4-chloro­phen­yl)-4-[(E)-(2-chloro­phen­yl)methyl­idene]-6-methyl-4,5,6,7,7a,8-hexa­hydro-1,2,4-oxadiazolo[5,4-d]pyrido[3,4-c][1,5]benzothia­zepine

In the title compound, C33H26Cl3N3OS, the oxadiazole, piperidine and benzothia­pezine rings adopt envelope, chair and twist-boat conformations, respectively. In the crystal, the mol­ecular aggregation is characterized by chains of centrosymmetrically related pairs connected through Cl⋯Cl inter­actions [3.533 (2) Å], extending parallel to (202)

Hydrogen peroxide release by OKI A1 (anti DR-Monoclonal antibody) resustabt alveolar mnacrophages in tuberculosis

Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) triggered hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) release from alveolar macrophages and corresponding blood monocytes were studied as a whole, in active tuberculosis, inactive tuberculosis (treated), non-tuberculous lung disease patients and normal individuals. Irrespective of the study subjects, the alveolar macrophages produced less H2O2 than the corresponding blood monocytes. The alveolar macrophages that were resistant to OKIa1 (Anti-DR monoclonal antibody and complement treatment) produced an increased level of H2O2 than the control ascites and complement treated alveolar macrophages. Moreover, such increase in H2O2 release was not seen with peripheral blood monocytes; more than 90% monocytes were OKIa1 resistant population. These OKIa1 resistant alveolar macrophages are probably important in their metabolic, microbicidal and the immunological functions

Hydrogen peroxide producing potential of alveolar macrophages & blood monocytes in pulmonary tuberculosis

Alveolar macrophages from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, inactive tuberculosis (treated patients), non-tuberculous lung disease and from normal healthy individuals were tested for their ability to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) upon stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in vitro. PMA induced H2O2 production was significantly higher in all the groups of patients studied when compared to the normal subjects. Among the four groups studied, the spontaneous release of H2O2 was increased in the alveolar macrophages of smokers than non-smokers. There was no difference in the spontaneous and PMA induced H2O2 production between the non-smoker group of the active tuberculosis patients and the normal non-smoker group. Further, the blood monocytes of the activepulmonary tuberculosis patients and those of normal controls were equally competent in producing H2O2, in vitro, upon stimulation with PMA. The study suggests that the increased production of hydrogen peroxide by alveolar macrophages is not specific for tuberculosis