Preparation and Characterization of Zirconia Nanomaterial as a Molybdenum-99 Adsorbent

The present study deals with the synthesis and characterization of ZrO2 nanomaterial which can be used as an adsorbent for Molybdenum-99 (99Mo). The adsorbent can potentially be utilized as the material for 99Mo/99mTc generator column. Using the sol-gel method, monoclinic nanocrystalline zirconia was synthesized from zirconium oxychloride in isopropyl alcohol reacted with ammonium hydroxide solution in isopropyl alcohol resulting in a white gel. The gel was subsequently refluxed for 12 hours at ~95°C and pH at ~4 and then dried at 100°C. The drying gel was then calcined at 600°C for two hours. Meanwhile the orthorhombic nanocrystalline zirconia was obtained by reacting zirconium oxychloride solution with 2.5 M ammonium hydroxide solution which resulted in a white gel. The gel was then refluxed for 24 hours at ~95°C and pH at ~11 and then dried at 100°C. The drying gel was then calcined at 600°C for two hours. These materials were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The Scherrer method is used for determination of crystallite size. The FT-IR spectra for both materials show absorption peak at 450-500 cm-1 which are attributed to Zr-O bond. The XRD pattern of monoclinic nanocrystalline form shows crystalline peaks at 2θ regions of 28.37°, 31.65°, 34°, 36°, and 50.3° with average crystallite size of 2.68 nm. Meanwhile, the XRD pattern of orthorhombic nanocrystalline form shows crystalline peaks at 2θ regions of 30°, 35°, 50°, and 60° with average crystallite size of 0.98 nm. The TEM micrograph indicates that the zirconia nanomaterials prepared were quite uniform in size and shape.Received: 12 November 2015; Revised: 9 September 2016; Accepted: 20 September 201

Preparation and Characterization of Zirconia Nanomaterial as a Molybdenum-99 Adsorbent

The present study deals with the synthesis and characterization of ZrO2 nanomaterial which can be used as an adsorbent for Molybdenum-99 (99Mo). The adsorbent can potentially be utilized as the material for 99Mo/99mTc generator column. Using the sol-gel method, monoclinic nanocrystalline zirconia was synthesized from zirconium oxychloride in isopropyl alcohol reacted with ammonium hydroxide solution in isopropyl alcohol resulting in a white gel. The gel was subsequently refluxed for 12 hours at ~95°C and pH at ~4 and then dried at 100°C. The drying gel was then calcined at 600°C for two hours. Meanwhile the orthorhombic nanocrystalline zirconia was obtained by reacting zirconium oxychloride solution with 2.5 M ammonium hydroxide solution which resulted in a white gel. The gel was then refluxed for 24 hours at ~95°C and pH at ~11 and then dried at 100°C. The drying gel was then calcined at 600°C for two hours. These materials were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The Scherrer method is used for determination of crystallite size. The FT-IR spectra for both materials show absorption peak at 450-500 cm-1 which are attributed to Zr-O bond. The XRD pattern of monoclinic nanocrystalline form shows crystalline peaks at 2θ regions of 28.37°, 31.65°, 34°, 36°, and 50.3° with average crystallite size of 2.68 nm. Meanwhile, the XRD pattern of orthorhombic nanocrystalline form shows crystalline peaks at 2θ regions of 30°, 35°, 50°, and 60° with average crystallite size of 0.98 nm. The TEM micrograph indicates that the zirconia nanomaterials prepared were quite uniform in size and shape.Received: 12 November 2015; Revised: 9 September 2016; Accepted: 20 September 201

Sintesis Poli N-Isopropilakrilamida (PNIPA)/Polityrosin (PTYR) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs) Bertanda Iodium-125

Saat ini perkembangan polimer telah semakin maju, berbagai aplikasi polimer telah dikembangkan baik di sektor energi, pangan maupun kesehatan. PNIPA/PTYR IPNs bertanda iodium-125 dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber terapi kanker. PNIPA/PTYR merupakan polimer peka temperatur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah sintesis PNIPA/PTYR IPNs bertanda iodium-125. Polityrosin ditandai dengan iodium-125 kemudian secara simultan direaksikan dengan monomer N-isopropilakrilamida melalui polimerisasi radikal bebas dengan inisiator amonium persulfat (APS) dan tetrametiletilenediamin (TEMED) untuk memperoleh PNIPA/PTYR IPNs bertanda iodium-125. Kemurnian radiokimia PNIPA/PTYR IPNs bertanda iodium-125 diukur dengan krom atografi lapis tipis (KLT) dengan fasa gerak 2 propanol: 1 butanol: 0,2 M NH4OH. Selain Itu, stabilitas PNIPA/PTYR IPNs bertanda iodium-125 diuji pada media air. PNIPA/PTYR IPNs telah berhasil ditandai dengan iodium-125 dengan rendemen penandaan sebesar 37,6 ± 4,2 % (n = 3). Hasil pengamatan visual, ditunjukkan bahwa polimer mengalami Perubahan sifat pada temperatur 32 oC sampai dengan 34°C. Hasil H-NMR hanya menunjukkan spektrum dari polimer PNIPA. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan KLT, kemurnian radiokimia PNIPA/PTYR IPNs bertanda iodium-125 adalah 95,93%. Pengujian stabilitas polimer bertanda iodum-125 pada media air pada T = 37°C selama 2 minggu menunjukkan bahwa iodium-125 yang masih tertahan pada polimer adalah 71,3 ± 6,2 %

The Use of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution for (n,γ)99Mo/99mTc Generator Based on Zirconium-Based Material (ZBM)

The many problems in preparing fission product 99Mo led into this work to develop 99Mo/99mTc generator using neutron-irradiated natural MoO3 targets and, more specifically, to develop a zirconium-based material (ZBM) for chromatography columns that have an adsorption capacity of more than 100 mg Mo/g ZBM. This paper reports our recent experiments in the use of sodium hypochlorite solution of various concentrations to improve the yield of 99mTc in performance of (n,γ)99Mo/99mTc generators based on the ZBM. The synthesized ZBM was coated with tetraethyl orthosilicate for improving the hardness of the material. The adsorption of [99Mo]molybdate into ZBM was carried out by reacting ZBM into [99Mo]molybdate solution at 90°C to form ZBM-[99Mo] molybdate. ZBM-[99Mo]molybdate was then packed into generator column, then eluted with 10 × 1 mL of saline followed by 1 × 5 mL of NaOCl solution. The NaOCl solution concentrations used were 0.5%; 1%; 3%; and 5% for each column, respectively. This study resulted in a ZBM which has a 99Mo adsorption capacity of 167.5 ± 3.4 mgMo/g ZBM, as well as in a yield eluate of 99mTc of up to 70%, and the find that the optimum NaOCl concentration was 3%. The use of sodium hypochlorite solution affected 99Mo breakthrough. The higher sodium hypochlorite concentration used, the more 99Mo breaktrough exist on 99mTc eluate.Received: 22 October 2014; Revised: 21 April 2015; Accepted: 21 May 201

The Use of Sodium Hypochlorite Solution for (N,γ)99Mo/99mTc Generator Based on Zirconium-Based Material (ZBM)

The many problems in preparing fission product 99Mo led into this work to develop 99Mo/99mTc generator using neutron-irradiated natural MoO3 targets and, more specifically, to develop a zirconium-based material (ZBM) for chromatography columns that have an adsorption capacity of more than 100 mg Mo/g ZBM. This paper reports our recent experiments in the use of sodium hypochlorite solution of various concentrations to improve the yield of 99mTc in performance of (n,γ)99Mo/99mTc generators based on the ZBM. The synthesized ZBM was coated with tetraethyl orthosilicate for improving the hardness of the material. The adsorption of [99Mo]molybdate into ZBM was carried out by reacting ZBM into [99Mo]molybdate solution at 90°C to form ZBM-[99Mo] molybdate. ZBM-[99Mo]molybdate was then packed into generator column, then eluted with 10 × 1 mL of saline followed by 1 × 5 mL of NaOCl solution. The NaOCl solution concentrations used were 0.5%; 1%; 3%; and 5% for each column, respectively. This study resulted in a ZBM which has a 99Mo adsorption capacity of 167.5 ± 3.4 mgMo/g ZBM, as well as in a yield eluate of 99mTc of up to 70%, and the find that the optimum NaOCl concentration was 3%. The use of sodium hypochlorite solution affected 99Mo breakthrough. The higher sodium hypochlorite concentration used, the more 99Mo breaktrough exist on 99mTc eluate.Received: 22 October 2014; Revised: 21 April 2015; Accepted: 21 May 201