The acceleration of heavy nuclei in solar flares

The overabundance of heavy nuclei in solar cosmic rays of energy approximately 5 Mev/nucleon is explained by taking into account the pre-flare ionization states of these nuclei in the region where they are accelerated. A model is proposed which considers two-step accelerations associated with the initial development of solar flares. The first step is closely related to the triggering process of flares, while the second one starts with the development of the explosive phase. Further ionization of medium and heavy nuclei occurs through their interaction with Kev electrons accelerated by the first-step acceleration. It is suggested that the role of these electrons is important in producing fully ionized atoms in the acceleration regions

Relation between metric and decametric noise storm sources and microwave S-component emissions

Various activities are reported by taking into account the properties of the active region and its relationship to low frequency burst emissions observed by the IMP-6 satellite. The relation of metric noise continuum storms (200 MHz) with the S-component of microwave emissions (2800 MHz) are examined. Taking the results analyzed, a model on the growth of radio noise continuum sources in metric and decametric frequencies and its relation to microwave and other solar active phenomena are considered

The cosmic ray composition as viewed from the chemical abundances of the solar system

It is shown that the chemical composition of cosmic rays at their sources for the elements up to the atomic number as 80 is quite similar to that of the carbonaceous chondrites, which have been keeping the properties of the protosolar nebula. In particular, the similarity between these two compositions is significant to the elements classified as refractory and siderphile, in addition to the elements, Ca and Al. These results as cited above suggest that cosmic rays, being currently observed near the Earth, may have been accelerated from the matter with the composition similar to that which is found of these chondrites as Allende

Motion of metric type 4 radio sources and its relation to shock waves responsible for type 2 radio bursts

The relation of the motion of type 4mA sources with shock waves responsible for type 2 bursts were considered using the observed data for these two radio sources. The difference of the emission mechanism between type 2 and type 4mA bursts suggest that the moving speed of the shock waves mentioned above is not necessarily equal to the metric type 4 sources. By analyzing the observed data on the speeds for both type 2 and type 4 sources., it was found that type 4 bursts decelerate and often cease to move in the solar envelop and that type 2 sources move at higher speeds than type 4 sources

The 4He1H ratios in the chemical compositions of solar flare particles and the primordial solar nebula

The chemical abundances of solar flare particles are similar to those of galactic cosmic rays at their sources. In order to infer the 4He/1H ratio in the solar atmosphere, this ratio as observed in the interstellar gases was considered in addition to those which were contained of galactic cosmic rays and the stars classified as the early types. Since it is clear that the most of these ratios ever deduced for both of the Sun and solar flare particles are lower than those for the interstellar gases, this ratio suggests that hydrogens are relatively overabundant in the chemical abundances of the Sun and the primordial solar nebula as compared to those of the interstellar gases currently observed

On the magnetic configuration of sunspot groups which produce solar proton flares

H alpha brightening over sunspot groups in magnetic field configuratio

Interplanetary shock waves associated with solar flares

The interaction of the earth's magnetic field with the solar wind is discussed with emphasis on the influence of solar flares. The geomagnetic storms are considerered to be the result of the arrival of shock wave generated by solar flares in interplanetary space. Basic processes in the solar atmosphere and interplanetary space, and hydromagnetic disturbances associated with the solar flares are discussed along with observational and theoretical problems of interplanetary shock waves. The origin of interplanetary shock waves is also discussed

A possible mechanism to cause the quasi-biennial variability on the solar neutrino flux

It is suggested that the quasi-biennial change in the observed flux of the solar neutrinos is causally related to some non-linear process at the central core of the Sun, being associated with the charge in the central temperature. This process seems to be responsible for the physical adjustment of the internal structure of the Sun. Numerical simulation on this process is able to reproduce the quasi-biennial change in the flux of these neutrinos

Gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking with generalized messenger sector at LHC

We consider the generalized gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB) models with the messenger elds which do not form the complete multiplets of SU(5) GUT symmetry. Such a situation may happen in the anomalous U(1) GUT scenario because the mass spectrum of the superheavy particle does not respect SU(5) GUT symmetry, although the success of the gauge coupling uni cation can be explained. In this paper, we assume that one pair of the messenger elds gives the dominant contribution, and the LHC signature for the two possible messengers, X + X and Q + Q, are examined. We investigate the possibility to measure the deviation from the usual GUT relation of the gaugino masses which is one of the most important features of these scenarios. 1