Preliminary study in Irrigational quality of Groundwater sources

Abstrac

Pattern of utilization of blood and blood components in obstetrics at tertiary care hospital

Background: Obstetric emergencies occur suddenly and unexpectedly. Blood transfusion becomes one of the live saving measures in such situations. Severe anaemia due to nutritional deficiency, obstetric haemorrhage either during pregnancy, labour or in postpartum period are the commonest indications for blood transfusion worldwide. Blood bank services play important role in saving lives in obstetric emergencies. Health institutions must carry out internal blood transfusion audits to reassure optimal and judicious use of blood and blood components.Methods: Analysis of 755 Obstetric patients requiring blood transfusion in eighteen months period was done to find out the incidence and indications for blood transfusion at tertiary care hospital.Results: Overall, 5.33% of obstetric admissions required transfusion of blood or its components. Severe anaemia (36.55%), accidental haemorrhage (20.92%), postpartum haemorrhage (8.34%), placenta praevia (5.03%) and caesarean section (10.33%) were the common indications for blood transfusion. In more than 65% cases, two or three unit of blood were transfused. In majority of cases (96%) components were used.Conclusions: Blood transfusion helped to save many lives in the present study. Severe anaemia and obstetric haemorrhage of varied aetiology were the common indications for blood transfusion. Component therapy helped to correct specific deficiency. Voluntary blood donation should be encouraged in the younger generation to keep adequate stock of blood in blood bank for emergency use. Preventive measures like improving dietary iron intake and prophylactic iron therapy will go a long way in reducing the need for blood transfusion in Obstetrics

Changing pattern of birth weight over a decade in rural India

Background: Birth weight is one of the important determinants of neonatal wellbeing. Birth weight has many determinants that mainly include maternal nutritional status and the term of gestation. Low birth weight is associated with high neonatal and childhood mortality and morbidity. Over the years the birth weight is showing the increasing trend in developing countries like India. The study aimed at finding out the changing pattern of birth weight over a decade in rural India.Methods: A retrospective analysis of over 45,000 births that took place in Tertiary care hospital from year 2008-2017was undertaken. The socio economic determinants of birth weight were studied.Results: The incidence of low birth weight declined from 47 percent to 35 percent over ten years. The mean rise in birth weight in ten years was observed in both male (176 grams) and female (151grams).The incidence of very low birth and extremely low birth was found declined. There was positive co relationship between improved birth weight and improved socio economic status, delay in age at marriage, higher maternal weight gain during pregnancy, improved pre pregnancy nutritional status of women.Conclusions: There is steady decline in incidence of low birth weight over last ten years in study area. Improved maternal health, better nutrition, improved quality of antenatal care and various efforts and actions from the government side have contributed in improving the birth weight

Loss-of-function of triacylglycerol lipases are associated with low flour rancidity in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]

Pearl millet is an important cereal crop of semi-arid regions since it is highly nutritious and climate resilient. However, pearl millet is underutilized commercially due to the rapid onset of hydrolytic rancidity of seed lipids post-milling. We investigated the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms of rancidity development in the flour from contrasting inbred lines under accelerated aging conditions. The breakdown of storage lipids (triacylglycerols; TAG) was accompanied by free fatty acid accumulation over the time course for all lines. The high rancidity lines had the highest amount of FFA by day 21, suggesting that TAG lipases may be the cause of rancidity. Additionally, the high rancidity lines manifested substantial amounts of volatile aldehyde compounds, which are characteristic products of lipid oxidation. Lipases with expression in seed post-milling were sequenced from low and high rancidity lines. Polymorphisms were identified in two TAG lipase genes (PgTAGLip1 and PgTAGLip2) from the low rancidity line. Expression in a yeast model system confirmed these mutants were non-functional. We provide a direct mechanism to alleviate rancidity in pearl millet flour by identifying mutations in key TAG lipase genes that are associated with low rancidity. These genetic variations can be exploited through molecular breeding or precision genome technologies to develop elite pearl millet cultivars with improved flour shelf life

Track D Social Science, Human Rights and Political Science

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138414/1/jia218442.pd

) Res

Abstrac

Exploring the structural requirements in multiple chemical scaffolds for the selective inhibition of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> calcium-dependent protein kinase-1 (<i>Pf</i>CDPK-1) by 3D-pharmacophore modelling, and docking studies

<p>Current research on antimalarial protein kinases has provided an opportunity to design kinase-based antimalarial drugs. We have developed a common feature-based pharmacophore model from a set of multiple chemical scaffolds including derivatives of 3,6-imidazopyridazines, pyrazolo[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidines and imidazo[1,5-<i>a</i>]pyrazines, in order to incorporate the maximum structural diversity information in the model for the <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> calcium-dependent protein kinase-1 (<i>Pf</i>CDPK-1) target. The best pharmacophore model (Hypo-1) with the essential features of two hydrogen bond donors (HBD), one hydrophobic aromatic (HYAr) and one ring aromatic (RA) showed the classification accuracies of 86.27%, 78.43% and 100.00% in labelling the training and test set (test set-1 and test set-2) compounds into more active and less active classes. In order to identify the crucial interaction between multiple scaffold ligands and the target protein, we first developed the homology model using a template structure of <i>P. bergheii</i> (<i>Pb</i>CDPK1; PDB ID: 3Q5I), and thereafter performed the docking studies. The residues such as Lys85, Phe147, Tyr148, Leu198, Val211, and Asp212 were found to be the most important interacting residues for possessing <i>Pf</i>CDPK-1 inhibitory activity.</p

First report on exploring classification and regression based QSAR modelling of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> glycogen synthase kinase (<i>Pf</i>GSK-3) inhibitors

<div><p>Recent advances in the knowledge of parasite biology have unveiled many new antimalarial targets for drug development. The glycogen synthase kinase-3 from <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (<i>Pf</i>GSK-3) plays an active role in the completion of the asexual erythrocytic stage of <i>P. falciparum</i> life cycle. Due to the limited availability of experimental information (only one dataset is publicly available to our knowledge) and the absence of the target protein structure, the discovery of new inhibitors against <i>Pf</i>GSK-3 is quite challenging. Against this background, we have made an effort to develop classification-based (using linear discriminant analysis or LDA) and regression-based quantitative structure-activity relationship (using group based-QSAR or G-QSAR) models for the categorization and quantitative prediction, respectively, of the activity of <i>Pf</i>GSK-3 inhibitors. The classification model highlighted the contribution of electronic (Dipole-mag) and topological (S_tsC) descriptors in discriminating the <i>Pf</i>GSK-3 inhibitors into more active and less active classes. The regression-based G-QSAR model showed the contribution of fragment-based descriptors (R₁-chiV3 and R₂-Most-vePotential) in determining the <i>Pf</i>GSK-3 inhibitory activity, and also suggested modification sites for the improvement of <i>Pf</i>GSK-3 inhibitory activity. The information obtained from this work could be utilized for the identification of novel <i>Pf</i>GSK-3 inhibitors with a hope of overcoming the antimalarial resistance problem.</p></div