Fruit crops 1994: a summary of research

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on total yield, different yield components, and foliar levels of 'Heritage' raspberry / D. R. Baral, G. A. Cahoon -- Influence of training stakes and various pruning and bending techniques on early performance of 'Fuji' apple trees / D. C. Ferree, J. C. Schmid -- Pilot project for integrated pest management in Ohio apple orchards / C. Welty -- Relationship of canopy micro-climate and apple tree fruit and leaf performance / D. Ferree, J. Tew, D. Miller, R. Brazee, R. Fox -- Effect of root pruning on shoot tip ethylene production and xylem concentrations of cytokinln and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in young apple trees / J. R. Schupp, D. C. Ferree -- Rootstock effects on spur characteristics, spur leaf nitrogen content and early production of apple trees / M. Rottgerman, D. Ferree, J. Schmid -- Inhibition of growth of crown-gall-causing bacteria (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) by polyamine synthesis inhibitors / T. Ponappa, A. R. Miller -- Relationships among apple weight, seed number, seed weight, germination date and apple seedling vigor / D. D. Miller, K. Kaiser -- Evaluation of organic and conventional fungicide programs for control of apple scab in Ohio / M. A. Ellis, L. V. Madden, L. L. Wilson, D. C. Ferree -- Evaluation of commercially available serological test kits for diagnosis of apple crown and root rot caused by Phytophthora spp in Ohio / M. A. Ellis, S. A. Miller -- A survey of the pest management practices, information sources, needs, and decision making criteria of Ohio apple growers / F. A. Hale, F. R. Hall -- Effects of cultural systems on the horticultural performance and fruit quality of strawberries / J. C. Scheerens, G. L. Brenneman -- Performance of new or uncommon strawberry cultivars grown under Ohio cultural conditions / G. L. Brenneman, J. C. Scheerens -- A comparison of spray drift deposited on ground and airborne spray collectors and on soybean plants / R. D. Fox, S. M. Hussein, D. L. Reichard, R. D. Brazee, F. R. Hall -- Experimental vs. computer-predicted air velocities for a cross-flow sprayer / R. D. Fox, R. D. Brazee, S. A. Svensson, D. L. Reichar

Characterization of Case Hardened AISI 4130 Steel Using Eddy Current Testing

Casting is the manufacturing process of pouring the hot liquiduos state metal in to the mold cavity and then allowed it to solidify to obtain the final casting. There are many defects are found in the casting components during the inspection. Some defects are tolerated while others are required to repair. Otherwise the casting component is to be eliminated due to the poor quality level. The aim of the non-destructive inspection is to determine, the flaws, discontinuities on the material, and characteristics of the material. Based on the results by non-destructive evaluation the personnel take the decision on the material object is to be accepted or not as per the criteria. In this paper the hardness attribute of the case hardened AISI 4130 steel samples are studied using Vickers Hardness test. Then the hardness property is correlated with the Eddy Current Testing method. According to the acceptance criterion the suitability of the material is analyzed for the corresponding application or not. In this paper Eddy Current Testing response is analyzed for the AISI 4130 samples to determine the mechanical properties of the material. The main objective of the paper is to investigate the effect of the hardness property of the casting material during various case depth obtained via case hardening process. This technique is effective and best practice for the heat treatment shop floors. By this technique the results are investigated based on the cracks and microstructure of the casting material

Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of AZ91D/SiC composites by two step stir casting process

Magnesium alloy (AZ91D) composites reinforced with silicon carbide particle with different volume percentage were fabricated by two step stir casting process. The effect of changes in particle size and volume fraction of SiC particles on physical and mechanical properties of composites were evaluated under as cast and heat treated (T6) conditions. The experimental results were compared with the standard theoretical models. The results reveal that the mechanical properties of composites increased with increasing SiC particles and decrease with increasing particle size. Distribution of particles and fractured surface were studied through SEM and the presence of elements is revealed by EDS study

Influence of vegetable based cutting fluids on cutting force and vibration signature during milling of aluminium metal matrix composites

Due to the environmental and health issues, there is an enormous requirement for developing the novel cutting fluids (CFs). The vegetable based cutting fluid (VBCFs) doesn’t affect the environment, diminish the harmful effects to the operator and also enhance the machining performances such as surface roughness, tool life, minimum vibration and cutting forces. In this work, the performances of four different VBCFs like palm, coconut, sunflower, soya bean oils, and a commercial type of CFs were considered to analyze the influence of cutting fluids while measuring the cutting force and vibration signatures during milling of 7075–T6 hybrid aluminium metal matrix composite with carbide insert tool. The experiments were conducted in CNC L-MILL 55 vertical machining center, with milling tool dynamometer to measure the cutting force and a tri-axial accelerometer to measure the vibration signals. The flow rate of the VBCFs were maintained at a constant rate and the results were compared with a commercial cutting fluid. The obtained result shows that palm oil suits better than the other vegetable based cutting fluids in terms of minimum cutting force requirement and minimum vibration. Also, the experimental result shows that the cutting fluid was one of the important parameter needs to be considered which influences the cutting force and vibration signals

Characterization of Case Hardened AISI 4130 Steel Using Eddy Current Testing

Casting is the manufacturing process of pouring the hot liquiduos state metal in to the mold cavity and then allowed it to solidify to obtain the final casting. There are many defects are found in the casting components during the inspection. Some defects are tolerated while others are required to repair. Otherwise the casting component is to be eliminated due to the poor quality level. The aim of the non-destructive inspection is to determine, the flaws, discontinuities on the material, and characteristics of the material. Based on the results by non-destructive evaluation the personnel take the decision on the material object is to be accepted or not as per the criteria. In this paper the hardness attribute of the case hardened AISI 4130 steel samples are studied using Vickers Hardness test. Then the hardness property is correlated with the Eddy Current Testing method. According to the acceptance criterion the suitability of the material is analyzed for the corresponding application or not. In this paper Eddy Current Testing response is analyzed for the AISI 4130 samples to determine the mechanical properties of the material. The main objective of the paper is to investigate the effect of the hardness property of the casting material during various case depth obtained via case hardening process. This technique is effective and best practice for the heat treatment shop floors. By this technique the results are investigated based on the cracks and microstructure of the casting material

Quasi-Static Crushing and Energy Absorption Characteristics of Thin-Walled Cylinders with Geometric Discontinuities of Various Aspect Ratios

Abstract In this paper, energy absorption and deformation capacity of circular thin-walled members with elliptical cut-outs are investigated both numerically and experimentally. Thin-walled members possess the uniform height, thickness, average cross sectional area, material and volume are subjected to axial quasi-static loading. To conduct such tests, special fixture arrangement is designed for placing the specimen in the compression loading machine. The deformation mechanisms and the corresponding collapse mode along with its energy absorption of the thin-walled tubes were investigated in detail for various aspect ratios (0.315, 0.523, 0.854, 1, 3.375 and 4.08). The explicit finite element code ABAQUS was then employed to perform the numerical studies inview of mitigating the influence of cutout shape, location and symmetry on energy absorption and crush characteristics. In aspect ratio of 4.08, whose major axis length of 24.5 mm observed maximum crash force efficiency (CFE) of 14% possessing symmetric discontinuity. The results of experimental and simulations are in good agreement and shows that the location and symmetry of cutouts had considerable effect on collapse crushing behaviour

Mechanical and Corrosion Behavior of Al7075 (Hybrid) Metal Matrix Composites by Two Step Stir Casting Process

Abstract This paper investigates the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Metal Matrix Composites prepared using Al7075 alloy as a matrix, Silicon Carbide and Titanium Carbide as reinforcement particles. Two step stir casting process was used to fabricate the composites by varying volume fractions of Silicon Carbide and Titanium Carbide (0 to 15 vol. %). Microstructural analysis, mechanical and corrosion behavior were used to evaluate the performance of the composites. Uniform distribution of reinforcement particle was observed through optical photomicrographs. Vickers micro hardness tests were performed and the hardness values were increased with an increase in reinforcement from 0 to 15 vol. %. The tensile strength of the 10 vol. % of aluminum hybrid matrix composite was better than that of the base alloy. In 3.5% NaCl solution, it was observed that the 15 vol. % of the aluminum hybrid matrix composite have higher corrosion resistance in comparison the base alloy

Investigation of Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Al 7075/Garnet Metal Matrix Composites by Two-stage Stir Casting Process

The impact of Garnet addition into the AL7075 aluminium matrix on the physical, mechanical and corrosion properties are studied in this research paper. Al 7075/garnet composites are fabricated by using two-stage stir casting method in different (0, 5, 10, 15) volume percentages. Photomicrograph of prepared samples revealed the uniform distribution of garnet reinforcement into the base matrix. The corrosion rate is calculated by potentiodynamic polarization method. The actual density is increased by around 1.2% for al 7075 / garnet (15%) composite as compared to base alloy. Micro hardness of al 7075 / garnet (15%) composite is raised by around 47 (34%) compare to as cast base matrix. Al 7075 / garnet (15%) composite tensile strength stood at 252 Mpa, which is 40% greater than the base alloy. Al 7075 / 15% garnet composites reduce around 97% of corrosion rate than the base matrix. Alloy elements influenced the corrosion than Garnet reinforcement

Dry Sliding Wear and Mechanical Characterization of Mg Based Composites by Uniaxial Cold Press Technique

Dry sliding wear tests are performed on magnesium composites produced by uniaxial cold press technique by using pin-on-disc. Co-efficient of friction and wear rate of magnesium composites are measured under a load of 5 N and sliding velocity of 0.2 ms-1 . Porosity, Vickers’s micro hardness, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results are presented to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of magnesium composites. Worn surfaces are inspected by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Three types of wear mechanisms namely abrasive, adhesive and oxidation were observed. The wear rate was found to be low for 2wt% of HAP (3.6×10–6cm3/m) and co-efficient of friction was observed as 0.8