READINESS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE TEAM TO RESPOND TO AN ACTIVE SHOOTER ON A CAMPUS

Philanthropic efforts and community responses to mass school shootings have generated an evolutionary change to the legislation surrounding school safety. An in-depth review of major school-related active-shooter incidents indicated a prioritized need for change across school campuses. Recent laws in the state of Florida created the eminent responsibility of site-based administrative teams in collaboration with the local sheriff’s office, to effectively implement and participate in synergistic crisis planning. While school safety has been at the pinnacle of community leaders’ political platforms for over 20 years, researchers have almost exclusively concentrated on identifying the role of the School Resource Officer (SRO) on a campus and explored perceptions of how safe students feel. This research study was designed to extrapolate the perceptions of the administrative team’s readiness to respond to a campus crisis through the lens of the assigned school safety team. A survey instrument was designed and validated by the researcher, and voluntary respondents completed the survey items using Likert-scale responses. Leaders of school safety teams recruited members to voluntarily complete the survey. Data were collected by survey, and the results of the survey were aggregated into trends. Online surveys allowed for confidentiality; the data were securely kept. Participation in the study was delimited to members of school-level Active Threat Plan (ATP) safety teams as designated by building-level administrators represented in the study. The findings from this research study reflect levels of effective active threat plan implementation. The results and recommendations for change, along with professional development needs, are presented

COBALT, MOLYBDENUM, AND NICKEL COMPLEXES, NATURAL ZEOLITES, EPOXIDATION, AND FREE RADICAL REACTIONS

Chapter 2 is based on the synthesis and study of the compounds of the bidentate ligand ((5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)phosphine oxide with molybdenum and cobalt as the transition metal. The complexes were analyzed via FTIR, NMR, UV-Vis, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, TGA, DFT, and XRD. Chapter 3 resulted in the synthesis of the complexes [Ni(II)SSRRL](PF6)2 and [Ni(II)SRSRL](Cl)(PF6) of which [Ni(II)SRSRL](Cl)(PF6) had not been previously analyzed. Both products were analyzed via FTIR, NMR, UV-Vis, CV, DFT, and XRD. Chapter 5 contains the results of the characterization and modification of 4 natural zeolites (AZLB-Na, AZLB-Ca, NM-CA, NV-Na) from the United States in an attempt to increase the surface area of the zeolites to make them more efficient at the adsorption/absorption of lead from a simulated contaminated water source. AZLB-Na and AZLB-Ca turned into amorphous material, while NV-Na and NM-Ca retained crystallinity when treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid. NV-Na and NM-Ca untreated had surface areas of 19.0(4)m2/g and 20.0(1)m2/g, respectively. After 30 minutes of reflux in concentrated hydrochloric acid, the surface area increased to 158(7)m2/g and 111(4)m2/g, respectively. The study based on the uptake of lead showed NV-Na and NM-Ca removing 1.50(17)meq/g Pb2+ and 0.27(14)meq/g Pb2+ and with the treated zeolites 30 min HCl NV-Na and 30 min HCl NM-Ca resulting in 0.41(23)meq/g Pb2+ and 0.09(9)meq/g Pb2+. Chapter 6 relates to the epoxidation of olefins. In the case of cyclohexene with 5 mole percent t-butyl hydroperoxide, a yield of 2(1)% cyclohexene oxide, 8.0(3)% 2-cyclohexen-1-ol, and 23.66(1)% 2-cyclohexen-1-one was achieved with no catalysts, and in the epoxidation of cyclooctene using 5 mole percent t-butyl hydroperoxide, a yield of 40(2)% cyclooctene oxide, 1.18(2)% 2-cycloocten-1-one, and 0.35(1)% 2-cyclooctene-1-ol was achieved with no catalysts

Engaging the hard to engage: What contribution can occupational therapy make to an interdisciplinary approach?

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Whole-genome sequencing of African Americans implicates differential genetic architecture in inflammatory bowel disease

Whether or not populations diverge with respect to the genetic contribution to risk of specific complex diseases is relevant to understanding the evolution of susceptibility and origins of health disparities. Here, we describe a large-scale whole-genome sequencing study of inflammatory bowel disease encompassing 1,774 affected individuals and 1,644 healthy control Americans with African ancestry (African Americans). Although no new loci for inflammatory bowel disease are discovered at genome-wide significance levels, we identify numerous instances of differential effect sizes in combination with divergent allele frequencies. For example, the major effect at PTGER4 fine maps to a single credible interval of 22 SNPs corresponding to one of four independent associations at the locus in European ancestry individuals but with an elevated odds ratio for Crohn disease in African Americans. A rare variant aggregate analysis implicates C

The effects of classic and variant infectious bursal disease viruses on lymphocyte populations in specific-pathogen-free White Leghorn chickens

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a pathogen that primarily infects B lymphocytes in domestic avian species. This viral infection has been associated with immunosuppression, clinical disease/mortality, and enteric malabsorption effects. The purpose of this experiment was to compare the effects of a classic (USDA-STC) and a new variant IBDV (RB-4, known to induce primarily the enteric disease) on immune cell populations in lymphoid organs. Seventeen-dayold specific-pathogen-free (SPF) White Leghorn chickens were either not infected (control) or inoculated with either USDA-STC or RB-4 IBD viral isolate. On days 3 and 5 post-inoculation (PI), lymphoid tissues were collected to prepare cell suspensions for immunofluorescent staining and cell population analysis by flow cytometry. Portions of the tissues were snap frozen for immunohistochemistry to localize various immune cells and IBD virus in the tissues. Tissue homogenates were prepared to test for IBDV by quantitative MTT assay. Both the USDA-STC and RB-4 viruses greatly altered lymphocyte populations in the spleen and bursa. At 5 d PI, bursal B cells were approximately 25% and 60% of lymphocytes in chicks infected with USDA-STC and RB-4, respectively, whereas in control birds, B cells constituted 99% of bursal lymphocytes. This reduction in the proportions of bursal B cells was associated with an infiltration of T cells. In the spleen, IBDV infection also reduced the percentage of B cells and increased the percentage of T cells. The differential effects of classic and variant IBDV infection on immune cell populations in lymphoid organs may explain the differences in clinical effects induced by these viruse

Developing a novel welfare assessment tool for loose-housed laying hens – the Aviary Transect method

publishedVersio

Electron Shock Waves with a Large Current Behind the Shock Front

The propagation of breakdown waves in a gas, which is primarily driven by electron gas pressure, is described by a one-dimensional, steady-state, three-component (electrons, ions, and neutral particles) fluid model. We consider the electron gas partial pressure to be much larger than that of the other species and the waves to have a shock front. Our set of equations consists of the equations of conservation of the flux of mass, momentum, and energy coupled with Poisson’s equation. This set of equations is referred to as the electron fluid dynamical equations. In this study we are considering breakdown waves propagating in the opposite direction of the electric field force on electrons (return stroke in lightning) and moving into a neutral medium. For Breakdown waves with a significant current behind the shock front, the set of electron fluid dynamical equations and also the boundary condition on electron temperature need to be modified. For a range of experimentally observed current values and also some larger current values which few experimentalists have been able to observe, we have been able to solve the set of electron fluid dynamical equations through the dynamical transition region of the wave. Some experimentalists have reported the existence of a relationship between return stroke lightning wave speed and current behind the shock front; however, some others are skeptical of the existence of such a relationship. Our solutions to the set of electron fluid dynamical equations within the dynamical transition region of the wave confirm the existence of such a relationship. We will present the method of solution of the set of electron fluid dynamical equations through the dynamical transition region of the wave and also the wave profile for electric field, electron velocity, electron temperature and electron number density, within the dynamical transition region of the wave

Poultry virus isolates and method

Infectious bursal disease viruses were isolated from broiler chickens experiencing proventriculitis in, for example, Oklahoma, Texas, West Virginia, and California. Chicken virus isolates Texas RB 3, Texas RB 4, HBS, F57-7, W/L 39, GAR 1, and the like have been isolated. These viruses are some of the major causes of this condition and can be utilized as or in a vaccine to prevent the disease condition. The viruses are a significant finding in the search for a causative agent for proventriculitis in broiler chickens and as such may be utilized in the development of a vaccine or vaccines. The viruses can be attenuated to be used as a modified live vaccine or utilized in an inactivated form in a killed vaccine

Noodles made from high amylose wheat flour attenuate postprandial glycaemia in healthy adults

Previous research has not considered the effect of high amylose wheat noodles on postprandial glycaemia. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of consumption of high amylose noodles on postprandial glycaemia over 2-h periods by monitoring changes in blood glucose concentration and calculating the total area under the blood glucose concentration curve. Twelve healthy young adults were recruited to a repeated measure randomised, single-blinded crossover trial to compare the effect of consuming noodles (180 g) containing 15%, 20% and 45% amylose on postprandial glycaemia. Fasting blood glucose concentrations were taken via finger-prick blood samples. Postprandial blood glucose concentrations were taken at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. Subjects consuming high amylose noodles made with flour containing 45% amylose had significantly lower blood glucose concentration at 15, 30 and 45 min (5.5 ± 0.11, 6.1 ± 0.11 and 5.6 ± 0.11 mmol/L; p = 0.01) compared to subjects consuming low amylose noodles with 15% amylose (5.8 ± 0.12, 6.6 ± 0.12 and 5.9 ± 0.12 mmol/L). The total area under the blood glucose concentration curve after consumption of high amylose noodles with 45% amylose was 640.4 ± 9.49 mmol/L/min, 3.4% lower than consumption of low amylose noodles with 15% amylose (662.9 ± 9.49 mmol/L/min), p = 0.021. Noodles made from high amylose wheat flour attenuate postprandial glycaemia in healthy young adults, as characterised by the significantly lower blood glucose concentration and a 3.4% reduction in glycaemic response