p-p' System with B Field and Projection Operator Noncommutative Solitons

We study the system of the Dp'-brane with Dp-brane (p<p') inside, in the case where B_{ij} field is a nonvanishing constant. In order to understand how the Dp-brane is viewed from the Dp'-brane worldvolume theory, we investigate the process in which the Dp-brane is probed with p'-p' open string. We calculate the scattering amplitudes among p-p' open strings and p'-p' open strings and show that not only the Weyl transform of the projection operator onto the ground state but also those onto higher excited states emerge as multiplicative factors of the amplitudes.Comment: 22 pages, LaTeX2

Talk about Rice: A Discursive Approach to Studying Culture.

The paper examines the ways in which people talk about others of different culture or ethnic origin. I analyse interview talk of the British W.W.II veterans about their experiences at the prisoners of war camp in Japan and recent activities of reconciliation. Proposed is a discursive approach to the study of culture and cross-cultural communication, in comparison to work in cultural anthropology and ethnographic conversation analysis. The discussion is guided by two analytic concepts—membership categorisation and ethnification processes. The paper concludes that the ways in which cultural knowledge is constructed, established and shared are discursive accomplishments of a social action of accounting for the war-time past

Fractional Flux Periodicity in Doped Carbon Nanotubes

An anomalous magnetic flux periodicity of the ground state is predicted in two-dimensional cylindrical surface composed of square and honeycomb lattice. The ground state and persistent currents exhibit an approximate fractional period of the flux quantum for a specific Fermi energy. The period depends on the aspect ratio of the cylinder and on the lattice structure around the axis. We discuss possibility of this nontrivial periodicity in a heavily doped armchair carbon nanotube.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

The solar wind effect on cosmic rays and solar activity

The relation of cosmic ray intensity to solar wind velocity is investigated, using neutron monitor data from Kiel and Deep River. The analysis shows that the regression coefficient of the average intensity for a time interval to the corresponding average velocity is negative and that the absolute effect increases monotonously with the interval of averaging, tau, that is, from -0.5% per 100km/s for tau = 1 day to -1.1% per 100km/s for tau = 27 days. For tau 27 days the coefficient becomes almost constant independently of the value of tau. The analysis also shows that this tau-dependence of the regression coefficiently is varying with the solar activity

Stabilization mechanism of edge states in graphene

It has been known that edge states of a graphite ribbon are zero-energy, localized eigen-states. We show that next nearest-neighbor hopping process decreases the energy of the edge states at zigzag edge with respect to the Fermi energy. The energy reduction of the edge states is calculated analytically by first-order perturbation theory and numerically. The resultant model is consistent with the peak of recent scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, final version to appear in Applied Physics Letter

Electron impact on K+: mechanisms for extreme ultraviolet submission

A series of R-matrix calculations on K+ is used to derive electron excitation and ionization cross sections. The excitation cross section to the 4s and 3d levels leading to the K+ 60.1, 60.8 and 61.3nm emission lines shows poor agreement with the cross beam experiment of Zapesochny et al (1986, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 90 1972 [Sov. Phys. JETP 63 1155]). Cross sections are also presented for exciting the 4p, 5s and 4d levels, the autoionizing 3s open-shell levels, and for ionization. It is shown how pseudoresonances in the calculated cross section can be eliminated by increasing the target basis.</p

Yang-Mills theory constructed from Cho--Faddeev--Niemi decomposition

We give a new way of looking at the Cho--Faddeev--Niemi (CFN) decomposition of the Yang-Mills theory to answer how the enlarged local gauge symmetry respected by the CFN variables is restricted to obtain another Yang-Mills theory with the same local and global gauge symmetries as the original Yang-Mills theory. This may shed new light on the fundamental issue of the discrepancy between two theories for independent degrees of freedom and the role of the Maximal Abelian gauge in Yang-Mills theory. As a byproduct, this consideration gives new insight into the meaning of the gauge invariance and the observables, e.g., a gauge-invariant mass term and vacuum condensates of mass dimension two. We point out the implications for the Skyrme--Faddeev model.Comment: 17pages, 1 figure; English improved; a version appeared in Prog. Theor. Phy

The sidereal anisotropy of cosmic rays around 3 x 10 (15) eV observed at a middle north latitude

The sidereal time variation of cosmic rays (median primary energy : 3 10 to the 15th power eV) is investigated with air shower observations at Akeno, Japan (900 m a.s.l.) which started in September 1981. Air showers are detected by a coincidence requirement on several muon detectors. The result obtained for three years is suggestive of a big semi-diurnal variation (0.37 % in amplitude). On the other hand, the diurnal variation is rather small than the semi-diurnal one. The feature of the sidereal anisotropy supposed from the present result looks quite different from that below 10 to the 14th power eV

Altitude variations of cosmic-ray soft and hard components observed by airborne detectors

The altitude variations of cosmic-ray total and hard components were measured up to 12,000 m on board a jet liner over Japan island on December, 1981. Observed results together with soft component are presented comparing with the model calculations through the atmosphere by applying the hadronic cascade