The cientificWorldJOURNAL Research Article An Investigation into Occasional White Spot Syndrome Virus Outbreak in Traditional Paddy Cum Prawn Fields in India

study was undertaken to find out possible reasons for occasional occurrence of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) outbreak in the traditional prawn farms adjoining Cochin backwaters. Physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of water and sediment from feeder canal and four shrimp farms were monitored on a fortnightly basis. The physicochemical parameters showed variation during the two production cycles and between the farms studied. Dissolved oxygen (DO) content of water from feeder canal showed low oxygen levels (as low as 0.8 mg/L) throughout the study period. There was no disease outbreak in the perennial ponds. Poor water exchange coupled with nutrient loading from adjacent houses resulted in phytoplankton bloom in shallow seasonal ponds which led to hypoxic conditions in early morning and supersaturation of DO in the afternoon besides considerably high alkaline pH. Ammonia levels were found to be very high in these ponds. WSSV outbreak was encountered twice during the study leading to mass mortalities in the seasonal ponds. The hypoxia and high ammonia content in water and abrupt fluctuations in temperature, salinity and pH might lead to considerable stress in the shrimps triggering WSSV infection in these traditional ponds

Prevalence of diarrhegenic serotypes of Escherichia coli in the Cochin estuary, along west coast of India

238-242Prevalence of indicators of faecal pollution such as faecal coliform and faecal streptococci were studied at the Cochin estuary. There was consistently high load of faecal indicator bacteria at all stations. Serotyping of E. coli revealed the presence of diarrhegenic serotypes of E. coli such as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). The diversity of E. coli serotypes was particularly high as we were able to detect more than 40 serotypes. The E. coli serotypes also showed spatial and temporal variation. Characterisation of faecal streptococci revealed predominance of Streptococcus faecalis subspecies liquefaciens followed by enterococcus group and Streptococcus bovis. Seasonal variation in the prevalence levels of these organisms showed a higher load of the indicator organisms during the monsoon season, especially that of faecal streptococci indicating a higher land run-off during this period. The results of the present investigations reveal the high degree of faecal pollution in the Cochin estuary posing health hazard to those who use this system for fishing and recreation

An Investigation into Occasional White Spot Syndrome Virus Outbreak in Traditional Paddy Cum Prawn Fields in India

A yearlong (September 2009–August 2010) study was undertaken to find out possible reasons for occasional occurrence of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) outbreak in the traditional prawn farms adjoining Cochin backwaters. Physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of water and sediment from feeder canal and four shrimp farms were monitored on a fortnightly basis. The physicochemical parameters showed variation during the two production cycles and between the farms studied. Dissolved oxygen (DO) content of water from feeder canal showed low oxygen levels (as low as 0.8 mg/L) throughout the study period. There was no disease outbreak in the perennial ponds. Poor water exchange coupled with nutrient loading from adjacent houses resulted in phytoplankton bloom in shallow seasonal ponds which led to hypoxic conditions in early morning and supersaturation of DO in the afternoon besides considerably high alkaline pH. Ammonia levels were found to be very high in these ponds. WSSV outbreak was encountered twice during the study leading to mass mortalities in the seasonal ponds. The hypoxia and high ammonia content in water and abrupt fluctuations in temperature, salinity and pH might lead to considerable stress in the shrimps triggering WSSV infection in these traditional ponds

Growth enhancement of micro algae, Chaetoceros calcitrans and Nannochloropsis oculata, using selected bacterial strains

In natural systems phytoplankton interact with planktonic (free living) and attached epiphytic bacteria both synergistically and antagonistically. The specificity of the association with micro algae and bacteria differs in terms of adhesion mechanisms and metabolic cooperation. Present research was carried out to study the effect of bacterial isolates namely Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. from algal culture systems on the growth of micro algae such as Chaetoceros calcitrans and Nannochloropsis oculata. C. calcitrans (F= 15.34; P<0.05) and N. oculata (F=12.52; P<0.05) showed significantly higher growth, in treatments with Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp when compared to control.Cochin University of Science and TechnologyInt.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2014) 3(4): 352-35

Probiotic effect of Bacillus NL110 and Vibrio NE17 on the survival, growth performance and immune response of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)

Eight hundred and eighty-¢ve strains of bacterial isolates fromvarious samples associatedwith the natural habitat ofMacrobrachiumrosenbergii were screened for their probiotic potential. Two putative probionts namely Bacillus NL110 and Vibrio NE17 isolated from the larvae and egg samples, respectively, were selected for experimental studies and were introduced to the juveniles of M. rosenbergii (0.080 0.001g) through di¡erent modes such as through feed, water and both. The probiotic potential of the above bacteria in terms of improvements inwater quality, growth, survival, speci¢c growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio and immune parameters was evaluated. The treatment groups showed a signi¢cant improvement in SGR and weight gain (Po0.001). Survival among di¡erent treatment groups was better than that in the control group. There were also signi¢cant improvements in the water quality parameters such as the concentration of nitrate and ammonia in the treatment groups (Po0.05). Improvements in immune parameters such as the total haemocyte count (Po0.05), phenoloxidase activity and respiratory burst were also signi¢cant (Po0.001). It is concluded that screening of the natural micro£ora of cultured ¢sh and shell¢sh for putative probionts might yield probiotic strains of bacteria that could be utilized for an environment-friendly and organic mode of aquacultureCochin University of Science and TechnologyAquaculture Research, 2010, 41, e120-e13

Probiotic effect of Bacillus NL110 and Vibrio NE17 on the survival, growth performance and immune response of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)

Eight hundred and eighty-¢ve strains of bacterial isolates fromvarious samples associatedwith the natural habitat ofMacrobrachiumrosenbergii were screened for their probiotic potential. Two putative probionts namely Bacillus NL110 and Vibrio NE17 isolated from the larvae and egg samples, respectively, were selected for experimental studies and were introduced to the juveniles of M. rosenbergii (0.080 0.001g) through di¡erent modes such as through feed, water and both. The probiotic potential of the above bacteria in terms of improvements inwater quality, growth, survival, speci¢c growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio and immune parameters was evaluated. The treatment groups showed a signi¢cant improvement in SGR and weight gain (Po0.001). Survival among di¡erent treatment groups was better than that in the control group. There were also signi¢cant improvements in the water quality parameters such as the concentration of nitrate and ammonia in the treatment groups (Po0.05). Improvements in immune parameters such as the total haemocyte count (Po0.05), phenoloxidase activity and respiratory burst were also signi¢cant (Po0.001). It is concluded that screening of the natural micro£ora of cultured ¢sh and shell¢sh for putative probionts might yield probiotic strains of bacteria that could be utilized for an environment-friendly and organic mode of aquaculture.Cochin University of Science and TechnologyAquaculture Research, 2010, 41, e120^e13

Characterisation and bioprospecting of cold adapted yeast from water samples of kongsfjord ,Norwegian Artic

A total of 34 yeast isolates were characterized from 4 water samples collected from Kongsfjord at Ny Alseund region of Norwegion Artic during the Indian Artic summer expedition of 2009.They were studied for the effect of tempereture and salt concentration on growth as well as for their ability to produce various hydrolytic enzymes at two different temperatures. Result showed that 5 out of 8 genera were common to all the stations. Cryptococcus was the predominant genera folowed by Trichosporan and Rhodotorula 82% of the yeast isolates were oxidative in nature and except filobasidium all the isolates used nitrate as a nitrogen source for growth. Yeast isolates from all the ststions showed growth at 4 and 20 degree centigarade. These temperatures were chosen as most of the bacterial and yeast isolates showed psychrotrop[hic nature. 94% of the yeast isolates showed growth at 2.0M and lipolytic activity were marginally less than 4.None of the isolates produced amylase enzymes when incubated at 4 and 20. The present study highlights the wide tolerence of the psychrotrophic yeast isolates to temperature and salinity as well as their potential in biotechnologycochin university of science and technologyIndian Journal of Geo-marine sciences,Vol 42(4),august 2013,pp.458-46

Characterisation and bioprospecting of cold adapted yeast from water samples of Kongsfjord, Norwegian Arctic

458-465A total of 34 yeast isolates were characterized from 4 water samples collected from Kongsfjord at Ny Alesund region (79° N, 12° E) of Norwegian Arctic during the Indian Arctic Summer Expedition of 2009. They were studied for the effect of temperature and salt concentration on growth as well as for their ability to produce various hydrolytic enzymes at two different temperatures. Result showed that 5 out of 8 genera were common to all the stations. Cryptococcus was the predominant genera (&gt;30%) followed by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Trichosporon and Rhodotorula. Eighty two percentages of the yeast isolates were oxidative in nature and except Filobasidium, all the isolates used nitrate as a nitrogen source for growth. Yeast isolates from all the stations showed growth at 4°C and 20°C. These temperatures were chosen as most of the bacterial and yeast isolates showed psychrotrophic than true psychrophilic nature. Ninety four percentage of the yeast isolates showed growth at 2.0 M concentration of NaCl. While all the isolates were capable of producing gelatinase and lipase at 20oC, gelatinolytic (88%) and lipolytic activity (97%) were marginally less at 4oC. None of the isolates produced amylase enzyme when incubated at 4°C and 20°C. The present study highlights the wide tolerance of the psychrotrophic yeast isolates to temperature and salinity as well as their potential in biotechnology. </span

Impact of climate change on hetrotrophic bacterial communities in the water and sediment of kongsfjord in norwegian artic

Considering the extent of warming in the artic region and the resultant changes in the dynamic marine enviornments there is a need to monitor the bacterial diversity in the fjord enviornments especially in terms of cultivable bacteria. The present study reports the diversity of cultivable hetrotrophic bacteria from the water and sediment samples of kongsfjord their growth responses to important enviornmental variables and ability to produce industrially important hydrolytic enzymes.Cochin University Of Science And Technolog