20 research outputs found
Collisional and thermal ionization of sodium Rydberg atoms I. Experiment for nS and nD atoms with n=8-20
Collisional and thermal ionization of sodium nS and nD Rydberg atoms with
n=8-20 has been studied. The experiments were performed using a two-step pulsed
laser excitation in an effusive atomic beam at atom density of about 2 10^{10}
cm^{-3}. Molecular and atomic ions from associative, Penning, and thermal
ionization processes were detected. It has been found that the atomic ions were
created mainly due to photoionization of Rydberg atoms by photons of blackbody
radiation at the ambient temperature of 300K. Blackbody ionization rates and
effective lifetimes of Rydberg states of interest were determined. The
molecular ions were found to be from associative ionization in Na(nL)+Na(3S)
collisions. Rate constants of associative ionization have been measured using
an original method based on relative measurements of Na_{2}^{+} and Na^{+} ion
signals.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figure
Ionization of Rydberg atoms by blackbody radiation
We have studied an ionization of alkali-metal Rydberg atoms by blackbody
radiation (BBR). The results of the theoretical calculations of ionization
rates of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs Rydberg atoms are presented. Calculations have
been performed for nS, nP and nD states which are commonly used in a variety of
experiments, at principal quantum numbers n=8-65 and at the three ambient
temperatures of 77, 300 and 600 K. A peculiarity of our calculations is that we
take into account the contributions of BBR-induced redistribution of population
between Rydberg states prior to photoionization and field ionization by
extraction electric field pulses. The obtained results show that these
phenomena affect both the magnitude of measured ionization rates and shapes of
their dependences on n. A Cooper minimum for BBR-induced transitions between
bound Rydberg states of Li has been found. The calculated ionization rates are
compared with our earlier measurements of BBR-induced ionization rates of Na nS
and nD Rydberg states with n=8-20 at 300 K. A good agreement for all states
except nS with n>15 is observed. Useful analytical formulas for quick
estimation of BBR ionization rates of Rydberg atoms are presented. Application
of BBR-induced ionization signal to measurements of collisional ionization
rates is demonstrated.Comment: 36 pages, 16 figures. Paper is revised following NJP referees'
comments and suggestion
Broadening and intensity redistribution in the Na() hyperfine excitation spectra due to optical pumping in the weak excitation limit
Detailed analysis of spectral line broadening and variations in relative
intensities of hyperfine spectral components due to optical pumping is
presented. Hyperfine levels of sodium and levels are
selectively excited in a supersonic beam at various laser intensities under the
conditions when optical pumping time is shorter than transit time of atoms
through the laser beam. The excitation spectra exhibit significant line
broadening at laser intensities well below the saturation intensity, and
redistribution of intensities of hyperfine spectral components is observed,
which in some cases is contradicting with intuitive expectations. Theoretical
analysis of the dynamics of optical pumping shows that spectral line broadening
depends sensitively on branching coefficient of the laser-driven transition.
Analytical expressions for branching ratio dependent critical Rabi frequency
and critical laser intensity are derived, which give the threshold for onset of
noticeable line broadening by optical pumping. Transitions with larger and
smaller branching coefficients are relatively less affected. The theoretical
excitation spectra were calculated numerically by solving density matrix
equations of motion using the split propagation technique, and they well
reproduce the observed effects of line broadening and peak intensity
variations. The calculations also show that presence of dark (i.e., not laser-
coupled) Zeeeman sublevels in the lower state results in effective branching
coefficients which vary with laser intensity and differ from those implied by
the sum rules, and this can lead to peculiar changes in peak ratios of
hyperfine components of the spectra.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure
Dynamics Resonances in Atomic States of Astrophysical Relevance
International audienceIonized geocosmic media parameters in a thermal and a subthermal range of energy have a number of unique features. The photoresonance plasma that is formed by optical excitation of the lowest excited (resonance) atomic states is one example of conversion of radiation energy into electrical one. Since spontaneous fluorescence of excited atoms is probabilistic, the description of the radiating quantized system evolution along with photon energy transfer in a cold atom medium, should include elements of stochastic dynamics. Finally, the chaotic dynamics of a weakly bound Rydberg electron over a grid of the energy level diagram of a quasi-molecular Rydberg complex provides an excitation migration of the electron forward to the ionization continuum. This work aims at discussing the specific features of the dynamic resonances formalism in the description of processes involving Rydberg states of an excited atom, including features in the fluorescence spectrum partially caused by the quantum defect control due to the presence of statistic electromagnetic fields
Dynamics Resonances in Atomic States of Astrophysical Relevance
International audienceIonized geocosmic media parameters in a thermal and a subthermal range of energy have a number of unique features. The photoresonance plasma that is formed by optical excitation of the lowest excited (resonance) atomic states is one example of conversion of radiation energy into electrical one. Since spontaneous fluorescence of excited atoms is probabilistic, the description of the radiating quantized system evolution along with photon energy transfer in a cold atom medium, should include elements of stochastic dynamics. Finally, the chaotic dynamics of a weakly bound Rydberg electron over a grid of the energy level diagram of a quasi-molecular Rydberg complex provides an excitation migration of the electron forward to the ionization continuum. This work aims at discussing the specific features of the dynamic resonances formalism in the description of processes involving Rydberg states of an excited atom, including features in the fluorescence spectrum partially caused by the quantum defect control due to the presence of statistic electromagnetic fields