Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a preterm infant: a case report

Endophthalmitis is an infection of the vitreous or aqueous humor of the eye. Although it rarely occurs in the neonatal period it has been previously diagnosed in preterm infants

Особенности применения предметно-языкового интегрированного обучения в профессиональном образовании (на примере факультета сервиса и туризма)

The article raises the question of the need of teaching a number of profile disciplines in a foreign language (the subject-language integrated training) for students of the faculty of service and tourism. After graduating from a higher education institution, graduates of the Bachelor's and Master's degree programmes of specialisms «Service», «Tourism», and «Hospitality» have to know a foreign language at the level sufficient for the solution of problems of interpersonal and cross-cultural interaction, and for the implementation of business communications in professional activity: working in a contact zone with the consumer, consulting, coordinating, maintaining documentation, etc. The article describes the experience of teaching the course «Restaurant and Hotel Service» – one of the profile disciplines taught at the faculty of service and tourism of the FGBOU VO «Volga region state academy of physical culture, sport and tourism» – in English. The method of delivering lectures involving dialogue, not only in the direction Teacher ↔ Student but also Student ↔ Student, when students become active participants in delivering lecture material, is presented in the article. While conducting practical training, two methods were used. At the core of the first method there is preliminary preparation of presentations on given subjects by a subgroup of students (in 4–5 people), with further performance and discussion of material in English and Russian. The second method of conducting practicals is based on problem training with the solution of cases directly at practical sessions without preliminary training of students. The comparative analysis of the results of the entering (at the beginning of a semester) and intermediate (at the end of a semester) students' tests regarding their language competence on the basis of the All-European scale (Common European Framework of Reference), and the questionnaire of the students showed the efficiency of teaching profile disciplines in English. The most pronounced dynamics of language competence was shown by the students of the experimental group. The prospects of the subject- language integrated training, including the use of the «Flipped Class» method, are presented in the article.В статье поднимается вопрос о необходимости преподавания ряда профильных дисциплин на иностранном языке (предметно-языковое интегрированное обучение) для студентов факультета сервиса и туризма. Выпускники бакалавриата и магистратуры направлений «Сервис», «Туризм», «Гостиничное дело» по окончании вуза должны владеть иностранным языком на уровне, достаточном как для решения задач межличностного и межкультурного взаимодействия, так и для осуществления деловых коммуникаций в профессиональной деятельности: работа в контактной зоне с потребителем, консультирование, согласование, ведение документации и т. д. В статье приводится опыт ведения курса «Ресторанно-гостиничный сервис» – одной из профильных дисциплин, преподаваемых на факультете сервиса и туризма ФГБОУ ВО «Поволжская государственная академия физической культуры, спорта и туризма» на английском языке. Представлен метод проведения лекционных занятий с применением ведения диалога не только в направлении Преподаватель ↔ Студент, но и Студент ↔ Студент, когда обучающиеся становятся активными участниками изложения лекционного материала. При ведении практических занятий использовалось два метода. В основе одного метода лежит предварительная подготовка презентаций по представленным темам подгруппой студентов (по 4–5 человек) с дальнейшим выступлением и обсуждением материала на английском и русском языках. Второй метод ведения практических занятий основан на проблемном обучении с решением кейсов непосредственно на практическом занятии без предварительной подготовки студентов. Cравнительный анализ результатов входящего (начало семестра) и промежуточного (конец семестра) тестирований студентов на предмет владения ими языковой компетенции на основе общеевропейской шкалы (Common European Framework of Reference) и анкетирования студентов показали эффективность преподавания профильных дисциплин на английском языке. Наиболее ярко выраженную динамику языковой компетенции показали студенты экспериментальной группы. В статье представлены перспективы предметно-языкового интегрированного обучения, в том числе с использованием метода «перевернутого класса»

Phototherapy and its effect on some physiological functions in newborns

Phototherapy represents the most common therapeutic intervention at neonatology departments in the first days of life. The beneficial effects of light on the decrease of the serum bilirubin level were first described by Cremer et al. in 1950’s (1). Since then phototherapy has been successfully used to treat severe hyperbilirubinaemia and has almost completely replaced exchange transfusion. Phototherapy is a relatively non-invasive method. However, along with decreasing bilirubin level, it can also influence some other functions: perfusion of organs, predominantly skin; peripheral vascular resistance; distribution of blood flow; heart activity and, thus, also systemic blood pressure along with breathing. A side component of applied light is a certain amount of heat which warms the body surface up and, therefore, the risk of exogenous overheating and increased water loss through the skin arise. Maternal-infant separation, modification of calcium homeostasis, disturbed circadian rhythm, or changes of the hemodynamics of various organ systems are only a few of the undesired effects which prove phototherapy not to be a treatment without any side effects. Careful indication of phototherapy is essential, particularly in premature infants

Apnea in preterm newborns: determinants, pathophysiology, effects on cardiovascular parameters and treatment

Apnea, especially in preterm newborns (AoP) is one of the common problems encountered at neonatal units. Numerous factors are likely to play a role in the etiology of apnea. Recent data sugest a role for genetic predisposition of AoP. It seems, that physiological rather than pathological immaturity of the respiratory, or cardiorespiratory control, play a major part in the pathophysiology of AoP. Immaturity of the brainstem, cerebral cortex, receptors of the lungs and the airways as well as of the chemoreceptors contribute to the development of apnea in preterm newborns. Several neurotransmitters (GABA, adenosin, endorphins) and their maturational changes are including in pathogenesis of apnea, too. The instability of the upper airway in preterm infants, asynchrony of musculature of the upper airway and diaphragm, pathological changes in the upper airway and malformations of the central nervous system might also contribute to the occurrence and severity of AoP. In newborns, apnea occurs more frequently in active sleep than in quiet sleep and the frequency of apnea in active sleep is higher in the warm conditions. Durations of apnea correlate with the body heat loss. Cardiovascular changes during apnea - bradycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction and various changes in peripheral blood flow and pressure occur together with changes in ECG. The standard clinical management of apnea includes non-pharmacological treatment (eliciting arousal reactions and reflex breathing by mechanical skin, or mucosa stimulations), pharmacological treatment (methylxanthines are preferred) and application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or in severe apnea - mechanical ventilation

The method of transitional processes in studies of geological media with magnetic viscosity

The paper discusses the effect of magnetically viscous geological materials on the TEM response. Magnetic viscosity is a property of ferromagnetism. In rocks and soils it is often associated with superparamagnetism, or magnetic relaxation of ultra-fine ferrimagnetic mineral grains. Magnetic viscosity in TEM data shows itself as voltage decaying inversely proportional to the first power of time. Most often it is treated as a geologic noise that hinders inversion of TEM response in terms of electrical conductivity. On the other hand, there is evidence that magnetic viscosity effects are related to the mineralogy and history of natural and man-made geological materials. Therefore, it appears reasonable to learn how, (1) using TEM systems of different geometry, to amplify or depress the magnetic viscosity response and (2) interpret it in terms of rock magnetism. We show, through forward calculation of TEM responses, laboratory magnetic viscosity measurements both in time and frequency domains, and inversion of the field TEM data in terms of time-dependant magnetic susceptibility, how magnetic viscosity effects can be used as a source of important information on the near-surface geology. The discussed results present a first experience in applying the TEM method to purposeful investigation into magnetic relaxation of rocks. There are still a number of important issues that remain beyond this consideration and will be a subject of a special study, namely, equivalence, resolution, and influence of measurement errors on the inversion quality

Effects of Conventional Mechanical Ventilation Performed by Two Neonatal Ventilators on the Lung Functions of Rabbits with Meconium-Induced Acute Lung Injury

Severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in the neonates often requires a ventilatory support. As a method of choice, a conventional mechanical ventilation with small tidal volumes (VT<6 ml/kg) and appropriate ventilatory pressures is used. The purpose of this study was to assess the short-term effects of the small-volume CMV performed by two neonatal ventilators: Aura V (Chirana Stara Tura a.s., Slovakia) and SLE5000 (SLE Ltd., UK) on the lung functions of rabbits with experimentally-induced MAS and to estimate whether the newly developed neonatal version of the ventilator Aura V is suitable for ventilation of the animals with MAS

Novel Antioxidant, Deethylated Ethoxyquin, Protects against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Apoptosis

Inflammation and an increase in antioxidant responses mediated by oxidative stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury (ALI). We utilized in silico prediction of biological activity spectra for substances (PASS) analysis to estimate the potential biological activity profile of deethylated ethoxyquin (DEQ) and hypothesized that DEQ exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced ALI. Our results demonstrate that DEQ improved liver function which was indicated by the reduction of histopathological liver changes. Treatment with DEQ reduced CCl4-induced elevation of gene expression, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (AEs), as well as the expression of transcription factors Nfe2l2 and Nfkb2. Furthermore, DEQ treatment inhibited apoptosis, downregulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tnf and Il6), cyclooxygenase 2 (Ptgs2), decreased glutathione (GSH) level and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in rats with ALI. Notably, DEQ treatment led to an inhibition of CCl4-induced NLRP3-inflammasome activation which was indicated by the reduced protein expression of IL-1&beta;, caspase-1, and NLRP3 in the liver. Our data suggest that DEQ has a hepatoprotective effect mediated by redox-homeostasis regulation, NLRP3 inflammasome, and apoptosis inhibition, which makes that compound a promising candidate for future clinical studies