Inequivalent Leggett-Garg inequalities

It remains an open question how realist view of macroscopic world emerges from quantum formalism. For testing the macrorealism in quantum domain, an interesting approach was put forward by Leggett and Garg in $1985$, by formulating a suitable inequality valid for any macrorealistic theory. Recently, by following the Wigner idea of local realist inequality, a probabilistic version of standard Leggett-Garg inequalities have also been proposed. While the Wigner form of local realist inequalities are equivalent to the two-party, two-measurements and two outcomes CHSH inequalities, in this paper we provide a generic proof to demonstrate that the Wigner form of Leggett-Garg inequalities are not only inequivalent to the standard ones but also stronger than the later. This is demonstrated by quantifying the amount of disturbance caused by a prior measurement to the subsequent measurements. In this connection, the relation between LGIs and another formulation of macrorealism known as no-signaling in time is examined.Comment: Close to the published version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1705.0993

In situ formation of catalytically active graphene in ethylene photo-epoxidation.

Ethylene epoxidation is used to produce 2 × 107 ton per year of ethylene oxide, a major feedstock for commodity chemicals and plastics. While high pressures and temperatures are required for the reaction, plasmonic photoexcitation of the Ag catalyst enables epoxidation at near-ambient conditions. Here, we use surface-enhanced Raman scattering to monitor the plasmon excitation-assisted reaction on individual sites of a Ag nanoparticle catalyst. We uncover an unconventional mechanism, wherein the primary step is the photosynthesis of graphene on the Ag surface. Epoxidation of ethylene is then promoted by this photogenerated graphene. Density functional theory simulations point to edge defects on the graphene as the sites for epoxidation. Guided by this insight, we synthesize a composite graphene/Ag/α-Al2O3 catalyst, which accomplishes ethylene photo-epoxidation under ambient conditions at which the conventional Ag/α-Al2O3 catalyst shows negligible activity. Our finding of in situ photogeneration of catalytically active graphene may apply to other photocatalytic hydrocarbon transformations

3D Face Recognition using Significant Point based SULD Descriptor

In this work, we present a new 3D face recognition method based on Speeded-Up Local Descriptor (SULD) of significant points extracted from the range images of faces. The proposed model consists of a method for extracting distinctive invariant features from range images of faces that can be used to perform reliable matching between different poses of range images of faces. For a given 3D face scan, range images are computed and the potential interest points are identified by searching at all scales. Based on the stability of the interest point, significant points are extracted. For each significant point we compute the SULD descriptor which consists of vector made of values from the convolved Haar wavelet responses located on concentric circles centred on the significant point, and where the amount of Gaussian smoothing is proportional to the radii of the circles. Experimental results show that the newly proposed method provides higher recognition rate compared to other existing contemporary models developed for 3D face recognition