6 research outputs found

    Influence of Heat Treatment on Defect Structures in Single-Crystalline Blade Roots Studied by X-ray Topography and Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy

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    Single-crystalline superalloy CMSX-4 is studied in the as-cast state and after heat treatment, with material being taken from turbine blade castings. The effect of the heat treatment on the defect structure of the root area near the selector/root connection is emphasized. Multiscale analysis is performed to correlate results obtained by X-ray topography and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). Electron microscopy observations were also carried out to characterize the inhomogeneity in dendritic structure. The X-ray topography was used to compare defects of the misorientation nature, occurring in as-cast and treated states. The type and concentration of defects before and after heat treatment in different root areas were determined using the PALS method, which enables voids, mono-vacancies, and dislocations to be taken into account. In this way, differences in the concentration of defects caused by heat treatment are rationalized

    - Status antyoksydacyjny oraz zawarto艣膰 metali w mleku ludzkim u kobiet w r贸偶nym wieku i okresie laktacji

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    The aim of the study was to investigate the concentration of chosen trac臋 elements, activity of catalase (CAT) and glutathione content (GSH) in human milk. The study subjects were recruited from among the lactating women from Ma艂opolska province in Poland. Milk was taken from 23 mothers classified inlo three groups of age (20-25, 26-31 and 32-37 years) and two groups of lactation period (colostrums; 1-3 days; and transitional milk, over 4th day). CAT and GSH values were determined by the spectrophotometric method. Cu, Zn, Mg, Fe and Cd concentrations were determined by atomie absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results indicate no significant differences between activity of catalase taking into account the age of mothers and the day of lactation. Similarly glutathione level showed insignificant differences between sludicd groups. Our results indicate that human milk of women from Ma艂opolska province, Poland, may contain significant amount of cadmium. We found statistically significant correlation between some metals in milk from women in different age and period of lactation. It concerned: Fe vs Cd and Cd vs Cu correlation. The result of our study indicate that the actiyity of antioxidant enzymes did not change during the course of lactation and in relation to mother's age.Celem bada艅 by艂o okre艣lenie koncentracji metali ci臋偶kich, a tak偶e zawarto艣ci enzym贸w antyoksy-dacyjnych: katalazy (CAT) i zredukowanego glutationu (GSH) w mleku ludzkim. Kobiety bior膮ce udzia艂 w eksperymencie by艂y rekrutowane spo艣r贸d matek w r贸偶nych okresach laktacji, pochodz膮cych z terenu wojew贸dztwa ma艂opolskiego. Pr贸bki mleka zosta艂y pobrane od 23 zdrowych kobiet z klas wiekowych: 20-25, 26-31, 32-37 lat. Dodatkowo zosta艂 dokonany podzia艂 na grupy ze wzgl臋du na okres laktacji, pierwsza: 1-3 dzie艅 laktacji - siara, druga: powy偶ej 4 dnia - mleko przej艣ciowe. Aktywno艣膰 katalazy by艂a mierzona spektrofotometrycznie wed艂ug metody Bartosza (1995), natomiast poziom glutationu oznaczano spektrofotometrycznie przy u偶yciu metody Ellmana (1965). Koncentracj臋 pierwiastk贸w, takich jak: Zn, Mg, Cu, Fe oraz Cd oznaczano za pomoc膮 spektrofotometrii absorpcyjnej (AAS). Aktywno艣膰 katalazy, a tak偶e poziom glutationu zredukowanego nie wykaza艂y statystycznie istotnych r贸偶nic pomi臋dzy grupami wiekowymi oraz okresem laktacji. Wyniki naszych bada艅 pokazuj膮, 偶e mleko kobiet z regionu Ma艂opolski zawiera pewne ilo艣ci kadmu. Dodatkowo zosta艂y wykazane statystycznie istotne korelacje pomi臋dzy zawarto艣ci膮 metali w pr贸bkach mleka od kobiet w r贸偶nym wieku i okresie karmienia, dotyczy艂o to zwi膮zku pomi臋dzy: Fe i Cd oraz Cd i Cu. Pomi臋dzy pozosta艂ymi badanymi pierwiastki nie zaobserwowano statystycznie istotnych korelacji
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