771 research outputs found
Sexual abstinence behavior among never-married youths in a generalized HIV epidemic country: evidence from the 2005 CĂŽte d'Ivoire AIDS indicator survey
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Sexual abstinence is the best available option for preventing both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS. Identifying the factors associated with sexual abstinence among youths would have meaningful implications in a generalized HIV epidemic country such as the CĂŽte d'Ivoire. Thus, we explored sexual abstinence behavior among never-married individuals aged 15 to 24 in CĂŽte d'Ivoire and assessed factors that predict sexual abstinence.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We obtained data from the nationally representative and population-based 2005 CĂŽte d'Ivoire AIDS Indicator Survey, conducted from September 2004 to October 2005. Our sample included 3041 never-married people aged 15 to 24. Of these, 990 reported never having sexual intercourse (primary abstinence) and 137 reported sexual experience but not in the 12 months prior to the survey (secondary abstinence). In all, 1127 youths reported sexual abstinence practice.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 3041 never-married youths, 54.4% were male and 45.6% were female. About 33.0%, 6.7%, and 37.1% of them were practicing primary, secondary, and sexual abstinence behavior, respectively. Females of higher education level were significantly 11.14 times as likely as those of no education to practice either primary or secondary abstinence. Males who were animists, had no religion, or were practicing religions other than Christianity or Muslim were significantly less likely than other male youths to practice sexual abstinence (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.30â0.95). Living in the north-west region of the country significantly decreased the odds of sexual abstinence among female youths. Similarly, female youths living in rural areas were significantly 0.42 times as likely as those in the urban zones to practice sexual abstinence.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>HIV/AIDS prevention program components could include media campaigns, educational intervention improvement, as well as promoting policies that shape female youth livelihoods. Likewise, youth involvement in initiatives to design appropriate messages, and activities to promote positive behaviors or to change negative perceptions could impact on youths' decision to exert abstinence behavior.</p
La rĂ©ponse Ă la stimulation des clones d\'une mĂȘme classe mĂ©tabolique varie chez Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg. (Euphorbiacea)
DiffĂ©rents travaux ont montrĂ© que, chez l\'hĂ©vĂ©a (Hevea brasiliensis), la rĂ©ponse d\'un clone Ă la stimulation chimique Ă l\'acide chloroĂ©thyl phosphonique ou Ethephon est fonction de la classe mĂ©tabolique Ă laquelle il appartient. Ainsi, les clones Ă mĂ©tabolisme modĂ©rĂ© rĂ©pondent moyennement Ă la stimulation Ă l\'Ethephon. Ceux Ă mĂ©tabolisme lent s\'expriment fortement, Ă la diffĂ©rence des clones Ă mĂ©tabolisme rapide qui rĂ©agissent faiblement Ă cette mĂȘme stimulation. Toutefois, il peut arriver que des clones d\'une mĂȘme classe mĂ©tabolique se comportent diffĂ©remment suite Ă la stimulation Ă l\'Ethephon. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a pour objet d\'Ă©valuer la rĂ©ponse des clones Ă la stimulation Ă l\'Ethephon Ă l\'intĂ©rieur de deux principales classes mĂ©taboliques (mĂ©tabolismes moyen et lent). DiffĂ©rents rĂ©gimes de stimulation ont Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©s pendant neuf annĂ©es. L\'Ă©tude a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© qu\'il existe au sein de ces deux clases d\'activitĂ© mĂ©tabolique une variation de la rĂ©ponse de certains clones Ă la stimulation Ă l\'Ethephon. Le mĂ©tabolisme de production de caoutchouc de ces clones a Ă©tĂ© accru par le rĂ©gime de stimulation.Many studies showed that response of a clone to chemical stimulation with Chloroethyl phosphonic acid or Ethephon depends on it\'s metabolic group. Therefore, clones with an intermediate metabolism respond meanly to stimulation with Ethephon. Those with a low metabolism respond highly at the opposite of clones with high metabolism that respond weakly to this same stimulation. Sometimes, clones belonging to a given metabolic group react differently to stimulation with Ethephon. The present study aims to assess response to stimulation with Ethephon within two metabolic groups. Different treatments of stimulation were applied over nine years. The study revealed a variation in teh response to stimulation with Ethephon in some clones delonging to moderate and low metabolic activity groups.
Metabolism of latex production in these clones was increased by chemical stimulation. Keywords: Hevea brasiliensis, variation de réponse, métabolisme, stimulation chimique.Hevea brasiliensis, response variation, metabolism, chemical stimulationSciences & Nature Vol. 4 (1) 2007: pp. 57-6
Comparison of two competitive ELISAs for the detection of specific peste-des-petits-ruminant antibodies in sheep and cattle populations
Détermination de la durée de vie géochimique du stock de déchets miniers de CarnoulÚs (France) à partir d\'un modÚle hydrodynamique.
Le stock de déchets miniers de CarnoulÚs forme un aquifÚre bicouche constitué de sable trÚs fin à sulfure et de sable fin à passage de blocs grossiers. L\'écoulement de l\'eau à l\'intérieur est guidé par un drain souterrain. Le modÚle hydrodynamique a permis d\'évaluer les flux de matiÚres à partir de la reconstitution de débits à l\'exutoire. Les fortes teneurs en sulfates de l\'eau observées à la source proviennent de la dissolution de la pyrite qui détermine l\'essentiel des réactions géochimiques à l\'intérieur du stock de déchets miniers. La durée de vie du stock de déchets miniers estimée à partir des flux annuels de pyrite oxydée est de plus de 100 ans. Les méthodes de rémédiation appropriées ne doivent
donc pas ĂȘtre des installations qui exigeront un entretien continu compte tenue de cette longue durĂ©e de vie.The mining waste stock of CarnoulĂšs is a double-layered aquifer made up of very fine clay and sand with sulphide and of sand ends to passage of coarse blocks. The groundwater circulation is guided by an underground drain. The hydrodynamic model made it possible to evaluate matter flows starting from the reconstitution of flows to the catchment discharge system. It arises a strong content sulphate of water coming from the dissolution of the pyrite which guides the main geochemical reactions inside the stock of mining waste. The lifetime considered starting from annual oxidized pyrite flows is of more than 100 years. Methods of remediation should not be installations requiring a Keywords: Drainage acide minier, modĂ©lisation, hydrodynamique, Modflow/Mining acid drainage, modelling, hydrodynamics, ModflowSciences & Nature Vol. 4 (1) 2007: pp. 105-11
Contamination aux metaux lourds de la matrice eau-sediment et muscle du tilapia Oreochromis niloticus de trois fermes piscicoles en Cote dâIvoire
La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a pour objectif de dĂ©terminer le niveau de contamination du mercure, du cadmium, de lâarsenic et du plomb dans lâeau, les sĂ©diments et le muscle du tilapia Oreochromis niloticus dans trois fermes piscicoles en CĂŽte dâIvoire. Lâeau, les sĂ©diments et les spĂ©cimens de poisson ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©levĂ©s par mois de fĂ©vrier Ă juillet 2017 en cage dans la lagune Aghien (ST1), en Ă©tang continental (ST2) Ă Agboville et en cage dans le barrage de Taabo (ST3). Les paramĂštres physico-chimiques mesurĂ©s ont montrĂ© quâĂ lâexception de la conductivitĂ©, des matiĂšres en suspension et des solides totaux dissous, aucune variation saisonniĂšre nâa Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e. En revanche, les valeurs moyennes des paramĂštres physico-chimiques calculĂ©es sont significativement diffĂ©rentes entre les fermes. Les valeurs de chaque mĂ©tal mesurĂ©es dans la matrice eau-sĂ©diment-muscle varient significativement entre les deux saisons dans toutes les fermes. Cependant, aucune diffĂ©rence entre les fermes Ă©chantillonnĂ©es nâa Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e. Les concentrations des mĂ©taux lourds mesurĂ©es dans le muscle sont infĂ©rieures aux valeurs seuils Ă©tablies par lâOMS Ă lâexception de lâAs. Cette contamination Ă©levĂ©e en arsenic pourrait porter atteinte Ă lâintĂ©gritĂ© biologique et Ă la santĂ© humaine.Mots clĂ©s : MĂ©taux lourds, Accumulation, Oreochromis niloticus, Ferme piscicole ivoirienn
The effect of pesticides and aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) and Jatropha carcus L. on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrididae) and Helicoverpa armigera (HĂŒbner)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) found on tomato plants in CĂŽte dâIvoire.
Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of Jatropha and neem aqueous extracts compared to a conventional insecticide treatment on the number of whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (HĂŒbner), yield of tomatoes in plots and the potentials of using any of these aqueous extracts to control these insect pests.Methodology and results: the study was conducted in the region of Moronou (Bongouanou, Koffikro, CBC Kangandissou). The insecticides DĂ©cis 12 ECÂź and Cypercal 50 ECÂź, and neem and jatropha aqueous extract were used for tomato foliar treatment (neem and jatropha seeds 80 and 50g/L, neem leaves 67 g/L). The treatments of tomato plant plots with pesticides DecisÂź and CypercalÂź showed similar yields of biopestcide made of neem and jatropha in Ahorosso (P=0.00), Bongouanou (P=0.07) and CBC Kangandissou (P=0.01) plots. All of these treatments reduced the number of Bemisia tabaci adults, reduced the number of Helicoverpa armigera larvae on tomato plants and increased number of fruits per plant, the fruit weight per plant and the yield.Conclusion and application of findings: Statistical analysis shows that aqueous extract of jatropha and neem seed 80 g/L and 50 g/L, and of neem leaves 67 g/L are as effective as pesticides DĂ©cisÂź and CypercalÂź on Bemisia tabaci and Helicoverpa armigera. Consequently, these biopesticides increased the number of fruits per plant and yield. This result should enable use of aqueous extract of neem and jatropha seed and of neem leaves to protect tomato plants against Bemisia tabaci and Helicoverpa armigera at farm.Keywords: Bemisia tabaci; Helicoverpa armigera; tomato crop; aqueous extract; biocontro
CaractĂ©risation des isolats de Phytophthora spp du verger cacaoyers de CĂŽte dâIvoire
Objectifs : La pourriture brune des cabosses due Ă Phytophthora spp. est lâaffection la plus rĂ©pandue et la plus importante dans la cacaoculture ivoirienne. Cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e pour caractĂ©riser et identifier les isolats de Phytophthora spp Ă partir des caractĂšres morphologiques et molĂ©culaires.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats : Cinquante isolats provenant des principales zones (Est, Centre-Ouest, et Sudouest) du verger cacaoyers de la CĂŽte dâivoire ont Ă©tĂ© isolĂ©s Ă partir de cabosses immatures atteintes de pourriture brune. Les caractĂšres phĂ©notypiques asexuĂ©s et molĂ©culaires Ă savoir : la longueur, la largeur, le rapport longueur/largeur des sporocystes, la longueur du pĂ©dicelle, la forme et la caducitĂ© des sporocystes, le type de colonie et lâanalyse des fragments de restriction de lâADN des rĂ©gions ITS (Espaceur Interne Transcrit) ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s. Les sporocystes des isolats Ă©tudiĂ©s apparaissaient trĂšs variables dans leur forme dâun isolat Ă un autre. Ils Ă©taient de forme ovoĂŻde, ellipsoĂŻde, obpyriforme, ovoĂŻde-obpyriforme et arrondis Ă leur base. Les sporanges des isolats observĂ©s Ă©taient caducs donc Ă©parpillĂ©s avec un pĂ©dicelle court (2,92 ± 1,18 Gm). Les sporanges Ă©taient Ă©galement variables par leur taille, variant entre 33,25 Ă 55,00 Gm en longueur et entre 21,99 Ă 34,37 Gm en largeur avec un rapport longueur/largeur variant de 1,23 Ă 1,94. Les colonies sur culture carotte-agar brut Ă©taient radiĂ©es, striĂ©s et/ou stellĂ©es, et pĂ©taloĂŻdes. Lâamplification par ITS-PCR de lâADN a gĂ©nĂ©rĂ© un fragment spĂ©cifique de 900 bp. Lâanalyse des fragments de restriction obtenus aprĂšs digestion par les endonuclĂ©ases (AluI ; PvuII ; HaeIII ;HinfI et MspI) a montrĂ© que tous les isolats Ă©tudiĂ©s appartenaient Ă lâespĂšce Phytophthora palmivora.Conclusion et application de rĂ©sultats : Il ressort de notre Ă©tude que la technique PCR-RFLP a Ă©tĂ© plus discriminante par rapport aux mĂ©thodes traditionnelles pour caractĂ©riser et identifier les isolats de Phytophthora spp. Les rĂ©sultats montrent Ă©galement que la technique PCR-RFLP est un moyen rapide sĂ©lectif et fiable dans lâidentification des Phytophthora spp. En outre, cette mĂ©thode peut ĂȘtre utilisĂ©e comme outil de prĂ©vention et de gestion dans la lutte contre la pourriture brune des cabosses. Cette Ă©tude a confirmĂ© la prĂ©sence de Phytophthora palmivora comme lâespĂšce la plus prĂ©dominante bien que Phytophthora megakarya ait Ă©tĂ© rĂ©cemment dĂ©couverte dans lâEst du verger cacaoyers.Mots clĂ©s : pourriture brune ; sporange ; pĂ©dicelle ; papille ; Phytophthora spp ; rĂ©gion ITS ; PCR-RFL
Perception des risques sanitaires dans le maraĂźchage Ă Abidjan, CĂŽte dâIvoire
Cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© conduite pour Ă©valuer le niveau de connaissance et de perception des risques sanitaires dans le secteur du maraĂźchage Ă Abidjan, Ă travers une enquĂȘte transversale. Le maraĂźchage est pratiquĂ© Ă 77,98% par les hommes et Ă 22,02% par les femmes, qui sont pour la plupart des analphabĂštes (58,6%). DiffĂ©rents types de lĂ©gumes sont produits Ă savoir les laitues (40,97%), laitues+autres lĂ©gumes (32,12%) et autres lĂ©gumes (26,9%). 73,4% des producteurs ne sont pas conscients des risques de contamination dus Ă leurs comportements contre 8,3% qui affirment reconnaĂźtre leur part de responsabilitĂ©s dans la contamination des produits maraĂźchers. De maniĂšre prĂ©fĂ©rentielle, 89,2% des exploitants agricoles utilisent des sacs en fil de coton pour le conditionnement des lĂ©gumes frais qui sont transportĂ©s Ă 71% vers les points de vente au moyen de vĂ©hicules. En lâabsence dâune Ă©ducation sanitaire fondĂ©e et des interventions localement adaptĂ©es, les cultivateurs nâaccordent pas une attention particuliĂšre Ă la prĂ©vention des risques sanitaires.© 2013 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clĂ©s: Conception, fruits et lĂ©gumes, contamination, maraĂźchage pĂ©riurbain, comportement des maraĂźchers
Analysis of caesarean rate and indications of university hospitals in sub-Saharan African developing countries using Robson classification system: the case of Cocodyâs hospital center, Abidjan-Cote dâIvoire
Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it has become imperative to monitor caesarean rates in hospitals since these rates continue to increase; WHO recommends this monitoring by the Robsonâs system. The study objective was to describe caesarean rates in a level 3 maternity of developing country using this system, to identify the groups likely increase overall rate of caesarean.Methods: A retrospective and comparative study made in Cocody University Hospital Center (Abidjan-Cote dâIvoire) over a period of twelve years. A total of 21,067 women who delivered during this period by caesarean were included.Results: The overall rate of caesarean during the study period was 38.7% with a significant increase from Period I to Period II (34.8 vs. 41.7%; p Ë0.000). The subgroup 2 (nulliparas, single cephalic term pregnancy, caesarean before labor) made the greatest contribution to the overall CS rate with an increase of +5% (10.1 vs. 15.1%; pË0,000). Women with previous CS (groups 5, 7, 8, 9, 10) increased the caesarean rate of +3.4% (7 vs. 10.4%; pË0.000). The group 6 increased it of +2.9% (4.7 vs 7.6%; pË0.000). Caesarean indications were dominated by fetal acute distress (24.5 vs. 22.6%; pË0,000), then followed by fetal-pelvic disproportion (21.8 vs. 10.7%), severe preeclampsia/eclampsia (13.5 vs. 17.5%; pË0.000), scarred uterus and breech presentation.Conclusions: Robson classification has identified the groups led to a significant increase in caesarean rates in our service and therefore has good focus our preventive actions.
- âŠ