A three-loop check of the 'a - maximization' in SQCD with adjoint(s)

The 'a - maximization' was introduced by K. Inrtiligator and B. Wecht for finding anomalous dimensions of chiral superfields at the IR fixed points of the RG flow. Using known explicit calculations of anomalous dimensions in the perturbation theory of SQCD (with one or two additional adjoint fields), it is checked here at the three-loop level.Comment: 5 pages; the title changed, the text improved and expande

PEPSI deep spectra. III. A chemical analysis of the ancient planet-host star Kepler-444

We obtained an LBT/PEPSI spectrum with very high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the K0V host Kepler-444, which is known to host 5 sub-Earth size rocky planets. The spectrum has a resolution of R=250,000, a continuous wavelength coverage from 4230 to 9120A, and S/N between 150 and 550:1 (blue to red). We performed a detailed chemical analysis to determine the photospheric abundances of 18 chemical elements, in order to use the abundances to place constraints on the bulk composition of the five rocky planets. Our spectral analysis employs the equivalent width method for most of our spectral lines, but we used spectral synthesis to fit a small number of lines that require special care. In both cases, we derived our abundances using the MOOG spectral analysis package and Kurucz model atmospheres. We find no correlation between elemental abundance and condensation temperature among the refractory elements. In addition, using our spectroscopic stellar parameters and isochrone fitting, we find an age of 10+/-1.5 Gyr, which is consistent with the asteroseismic age of 11+/-1 Gyr. Finally, from the photospheric abundances of Mg, Si, and Fe, we estimate that the typical Fe-core mass fraction for the rocky planets in the Kepler-444 system is approximately 24 per cent. If our estimate of the Fe-core mass fraction is confirmed by more detailed modeling of the disk chemistry and simulations of planet formation and evolution in the Kepler-444 system, then this would suggest that rocky planets in more metal-poor and alpha-enhanced systems may tend to be less dense than their counterparts of comparable size in more metal-rich systems.Comment: in press, 11 pages, 3 figures, data available from pepsi.aip.d

Surface Acoustic Wave Single-Electron Interferometry

We propose an experiment to observe interference of a single electron as it is transported along two parallel quasi-one-dimensional channels trapped in a single minimum of a travelling periodic electric field. The experimental device is a modification of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) based quantum processor. Interference is achieved by creating a superposition of spatial wavefunctions between the two channels and inducing a relative phase shift via either a transverse electric field or a magnetic field. The interference can be used to estimate the decoherence time of an electron in this type of solid-state device

Statistics of anomalously localized states at the center of band E=0 in the one-dimensional Anderson localization model

We consider the distribution function $P(|\psi|^{2})$ of the eigenfunction amplitude at the center-of-band (E=0) anomaly in the one-dimensional tight-binding chain with weak uncorrelated on-site disorder (the one-dimensional Anderson model). The special emphasis is on the probability of the anomalously localized states (ALS) with $|\psi|^{2}$ much larger than the inverse typical localization length $\ell_{0}$. Using the solution to the generating function $\Phi_{an}(u,\phi)$ found recently in our works we find the ALS probability distribution $P(|\psi|^{2})$ at $|\psi|^{2}\ell_{0} >> 1$. As an auxiliary preliminary step we found the asymptotic form of the generating function $\Phi_{an}(u,\phi)$ at $u >> 1$ which can be used to compute other statistical properties at the center-of-band anomaly. We show that at moderately large values of $|\psi|^{2}\ell_{0}$, the probability of ALS at E=0 is smaller than at energies away from the anomaly. However, at very large values of $|\psi|^{2}\ell_{0}$, the tendency is inverted: it is exponentially easier to create a very strongly localized state at E=0 than at energies away from the anomaly. We also found the leading term in the behavior of $P(|\psi|^{2})$ at small $|\psi|^{2}<< \ell_{0}^{-1}$ and show that it is consistent with the exponential localization corresponding to the Lyapunov exponent found earlier by Kappus and Wegner and Derrida and Gardner.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figure

Decay properties of new D-mesons

We consider radiative and pionic decays of the new D_s-mesons in the framework of a phenomenologically motivated approach. Present data on ratios of the two kinds of decays can be described without explicit using a 4-quark component. Most probably, the isospin violation in decays of different D_s-mesons is not universal, and the binding potential should be different from Coulombic. New precise measurements may provide further clarification for the nature of the D_s excited states.Comment: 12 pages, Late

Semiclassical time--dependent propagation in three dimensions: How accurate is it for a Coulomb potential?

A unified semiclassical time propagator is used to calculate the semiclassical time-correlation function in three cartesian dimensions for a particle moving in an attractive Coulomb potential. It is demonstrated that under these conditions the singularity of the potential does not cause any difficulties and the Coulomb interaction can be treated as any other non-singular potential. Moreover, by virtue of our three-dimensional calculation, we can explain the discrepancies between previous semiclassical and quantum results obtained for the one-dimensional radial Coulomb problem.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures (EPS

Bi-layer splitting in overdoped high TcT_{c} cuprates

Recent angle-resolved photoemission data for overdoped Bi2212 are explained. Of the peak-dip-hump structure, the peak corresponds the $\vec q =0$ component of a hole condensate which appears at $T_c$. The fluctuating part of this same condensate produces the hump. The bilayer splitting is large enough to produce a bonding hole and an electron antibonding quasiparticle Fermi surface. Smaller bilayer splittings observed in some experiments reflect the interaction of the peak structure with quasiparticle states near, but not at, the Fermi surface.Comment: 4 pages with 2 figures - published versio

Case management of malaria: Treatment and chemoprophylaxis

Malaria case management is a vital component of programmatic strategies for malaria control and elimination. Malaria case management encompasses prompt and effective treatment to minimise morbidity and mortality, reduce transmission and prevent the emergence and spread of antimalarial drug resistance. Malaria is an acute illness that may progress rapidly to severe disease and death, especially in non-immune populations, if not diagnosed early and promptly treated with effective drugs. In this article, the focus is on malaria case management, addressing treatment, monitoring for parasite drug resistance, and the impact of drug resistance on treatment policies; it concludes with chemoprophylaxis and treatment strategies for malaria elimination in South Africa

Imaging the Effects of Oxygen Saturation Changes in Voluntary Apnea and Hyperventilation on Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebrovascular oxygenation changes during respiratory challenges have clinically important implications for brain function, including cerebral autoregulation and the rate of brain metabolism. SWI is sensitive to venous oxygenation level by exploitation of the magnetic susceptibility of deoxygenated blood. We assessed cerebral venous blood oxygenation changes during simple voluntary breath-holding (apnea) and hyperventilation by use of SWI at 3T. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed SWI scans (3T; acquisition time of 1 minute, 28 seconds; centered on the anterior commissure and the posterior commissure) on 10 healthy male volunteers during baseline breathing as well as during simple voluntary hyperventilation and apnea challenges. The hyperventilation and apnea tasks were separated by a 5-minute resting period. SWI venograms were generated, and the signal changes on SWI before and after the respiratory stress tasks were compared by means of a paired Student t test. RESULTS: Changes in venous vasculature visibility caused by the respiratory challenges were directly visualized on the SWI venograms. The venogram segmentation results showed that voluntary apnea decreased the mean venous blood voxel number by 1.6% (P < .0001), and hyperventilation increased the mean venous blood voxel number by 2.7% (P < .0001). These results can be explained by blood CO2 changes secondary to the respiratory challenges, which can alter cerebrovascular tone and cerebral blood flow and ultimately affect venous oxygen levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the sensitivity of SWI to simple and noninvasive respiratory challenges and its potential utility in assessing cerebral hemodynamics and vasomotor responses

The spin-orbit interaction as a source of new spectral and transport properties in quasi-one-dimensional systems

We present an exact theoretical study of the effect of the spin-orbit (SO) interaction on the band structure and low temperature transport in long quasi-one-dimensional electron systems patterned in two-dimensional electron gases in zero and weak magnetic fields. We reveal the manifestations of the SO interaction which cannot in principle be observed in higher dimensional systems.Comment: 5 pages including 5 figures; RevTeX; to appear in Phys.Rev.B (Rapid Communications