High Ash Non Coking Coal preparation by Tribo-Electrostatic Technique

Tribo-electrostatic method is applied to beneficiate non-coking Indian thermal coal from Ramagundam coal mines containing nearly 45% ash content. The microscopic studies revealed that quartz and kaolinite are the dominant mine-rals whereas illite, goethite, siderite and pyrite are the minor inclusions in the coal. Contact electrification of ash forming minerals and coal matter has been carried out using different tribo-charger materials of Al, Cu, brass, perspex and teflon. The Cu tribo-charger found to be opti-mum to acquire differential charge between ash-forming inorganics and coal matter. The temperature effect on the magnitude of contact charge acquisition found to be sign-ificant. Tests on a laboratory in-house built triboelectro-static free-fall separator with minus 300 microns size fraction of coal showed that the ash content can be reduc-ed from 45% to about 18% and it is feasible to obtain a clean coal as judged by the washability studies. The results illustrate that the non-coking coals can be bene-ficiated using the scientific knowledge on the response and behaviour of coal and noncoal matters to electric charges

Estimation and Determinants of Chronic Poverty in India : An Alternative Approach

The paper conceptualizes chronic poverty by using the spaces of income and nutrition and estimates its incidence among states and social groups. It also aims to improve our understanding of the determinant of chronic poverty by considering economic, demographic and social factors. It attempts to answer the following questions : How important a determinant of chronic poverty is household income? What factors inhibit escape from chronic poverty? How different are the other poor from chronic poor? The analysis uses the unit level NSS and NFHS data.Chrinic Poverty, India

Estimation and determinants of chronic poverty in India: An Alternative approach

The paper conceptualizes chronic poverty by using the spaces of income and nutrition and estimates its incidence among states and social groups. It also aims to improve our understanding of the determinant of chronic poverty by considering economic, demographic and social factors. It attempts to answer the following questions: How important a determinant of chronic poverty is household income? What factors inhibit escape from chronic poverty? How different are the other poor from chronic poor? The analysis uses the unit level NSS and NFHS data.

Record size black marlin, Makaira indica (Cuvier, 1832) landed at Bhimilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh

A gigantic black marlin, Makaira indica measuring 4.3 m in length and weighing around 450 kg was landed at Bhimilipatnam beach landing centre and brought to Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour

Adsorption Mechanism of Longchain Alkylamines on Quartz and Albite

The mechanism of adsorption of long-chain alkylamines at pH 6-7 onto quartz and albite using the direct methods of FTIR and XPS spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data were correlated with the data of indirect methods of zeta-potential measurements and Hallimond flotation results. It was shown from infrared spectra that the amine cation forms strong hydrogen bonds with surface silanol groups. The XPS spectra revealed the presence of molecular amine together with the protonated amine on silicate surface. Based on these observations, a model of successive two-dimensional and three-dimensional precipiation was suggested to explain amine adsorption on silicate surface

Constitution of vogeletin: the pigment from the seeds of Tephrosia vogelii Hook.

The constitution of the pigment isolated from the seeds of Tephrosia vogelii Hook. (now designated as vogeletin) has been established, by a study of its derivatives and by chemical degradation, as 5-methoxy-3, 6, 7, 4'-tetrahydroxyflavone

Some observations on the structure and life-history of Cercaria andhraensis N. Sp.(Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from the apple snailPila globosa swainson of waltair

The morphology, anatomy and stages in life-history of Cercaria andhraensis n.sp. from the apple snailPila globosa Swainson of Waltair have been described.C. andhraensis has 33 spines which are inconspicuous in the cercaria but are clearly seen in the metacercaria occurring in the snail host itself. The anatomy of the cercarial tail is given in detail. Differences in the tegument of the body and the tail are indicated. The tail tegument more clearly gives the impression that the so-called tegument of trematodes is a modified epidermis. It is suggested that the cercaria and the metacercaria may one day prove to be the stages of either Echinostoma govindum Moghe, 1932, or E. crecci Verma, 1936

Utilisation of Mineral Slimes and Industrial Waste by Electro Flotation and Selective Flocculation.

Electroflotation and selective flocculation or the combination of both appear to be potential techniques for the beneficiation of low grade mineral slimes and fines generated during mining, milling and other metallurgical operations. Considering the hydrodynamics of flotation process, electroflotation was proved to be an effective and viable technique to separate organic suspending particulate matter generated from leather, textile, metallurgical, oil refinery and food processing plants. Electroflotation is advantageous to process sulphide minerals and minerals that undergo surface changes when exposed to electrolytic oxygen and hydrogen. Adsorption of oxygen, liberated from the anode leads to the formation of elemental sulphur on the surface of the particles. Elemental sulphur thus formed under controlled oxidation enhances the hydrophobicity. Continuous liberation of H+ and OH- leads to drastic changes in the pH of the pulp. Hence, electroflotation technique is more disadvantageous where pH is a critical parameter. Also part of the collector will be either destroyed or dissociated under the influence of pH, electrolytic bubbles and oxidation-reduction environment changes. Selective flocculation of minerals using polymers followed by anyone of the separation techniques such as, flotation, elutriation, filtration, etc. offers considerable promise for processing non-precious oxide minerals. Natural and synthetic high molecular weight polymers have been successfully used as flocculants. Lack of desired specificity is the major set back in this process. However, specificity can be introduced by incorporating active groups in the polymers. Though there is enough literature on selective flocculation of synthetic mineral mixtures, reports on the flocculation of multi-component natural ores are scant. Further, it is generally observed that the prediction of selective flocculation on the basis of results obtained from single mineral tests fairly agrees with synthetic mineral mixtures but rarely on natural systems