Environmental and Waste Management in Iron and Steel Industry

The Indian Iron and Steel scenario has changed considerably after the announcement of Government Policy on de-control and liberalization. Several new entrepreneurs have entered the steel industry. It is heartening to see that the steel industry is set to carve a niche for itself in the domestic and foreign market. The rapid progress of steel industry has aggravated environmental and waste management problems. This has led to increasing pressure from Government and the public to speed up action plan for effective industrial waste management. The waste management in steel industry is an emerging complex issue and can be implemented after regulating through monitoring, analysis, legalization , addition of infra-structural facilities for enforcement, waste auditing , change of process technology etc. The paper reviews current knowledge of waste management in Indian Steel Industry, approaches to environmental improvement and examines various options to environmental management plan keeping in view of the importance of sustainable endurance of environment and other natural resources

Environmental and waste management in iron and steel industry

The Indian Iron and Steel scenario has changed considerably after the announcement of Government Policy on de-control and liberalization. Several new entrepreneurs have entered the steel industry. It is heartening to see that the steel industry is set to carve a niche for itself in the domestic and foreign market. The rapid progress of steel industry has aggravated environmental and waste management problems. This has led to increasing pressurefrom Government and the public to speed up action plan for effective industrial waste management. The waste management in steel industry is an emerging complex issue and can be implemented after regulating through monitoring, analysis, legalization, addition of infra-structural facilities for enforcement, waste auditing, change of process technology etc. The paper reviews current knowledge of waste management in Indian Steel Industry, approaches to environmental improvement and examines various options to environmental man-agement plan keeping in view of the importance of sustainable endurance of environment and other natural resources

Proizvodnja α-amilaze na podlozi od poljoprivrednih otpadaka s pomoću bakterije Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

The productivity of enzyme fermentations depends critically on maintaining a high oxygen transfer rate to satisfy the optimal oxygen demand of the microorganism for product formation. Among the several factors that affect oxygen transfer rates in a fermentor are the air flow rate and agitation. The production of α-amylase by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was performed in 600-mL and 5-litre fermentor with a working volume of 300 mL and 3 L, respectively. The experiments indicated a requirement of high rates of aeration to enhance the enzyme yield. The biomass yield and productivity of the enzyme were found to have a linear relationship with the air flow rate, and the highest productivity was observed at 1.0 vvm. A maximum productivity of 41.4 U/(mL·h) was obtained after 14 h of fermentation in 600-mL fermentor system and a comparable productivity of 40 U/(mL·h) was obtained after 12 h in the 5-litre fermentor.Učinkovitost fermentacijske proizvodnje enzima ponajprije ovisi o optimalnoj opskrbi mikroorganizma kisikom, tj. dobrom prijenosu kisika. Protok zraka i miješanje su neki od čimbenika koji utječu na opskrbu reaktora kisikom. S pomoću Bacillus amyloliquefaciens proizvedena je α-amilaza u reaktoru zapremnine 600 mL, radnog volumena od 300 mL, i u reaktoru od 5 L, s radnim volumenom od 3 L. Utvrđeno je da je često prozračivanje reaktora povećalo prinos enzima. Prinos biomase i produktivnost enzima bili su u linearnom odnosu s protokom zraka, a najveća je produktivnost bila pri 1 vvm. Maksimalna je produktivnost od 41,4 U/(mL·h) postignuta nakon 14 h u fermentoru od 600 mL, dok je u onom od 5 L najveća produktivnost bila 40 U/(mL·h) nakon 12 sati fermentacije

Cancer in women in Kerala - a transition from a less-developed state

An epidemiologic assessment of the problem of cancer in women in Kerala based on 3 Population Cancer Registry data and a Hospital Based data is presented. Kerala's Socio-economic and demography presents an intermediate development from a less developed to a better-developed state. As yet, the women follow a tradition-based life style. Cancer incidence rate in Kerala was only 80% of urban rates than seen in Urban Metropolis in India. The pattern of site distribution has shown that GI, Breast & Cervix cancers are the predominant cancers. Oral cavity cancers also show a high frequency. Thyroid cancer has a higher incidence rate in Kerala compared to other areas. Lung cancer among women has higher incidence rate in Karunagappally women. A high prevalence of tobacco use is reported among the men in the above area. Breast cancer incidence rate in the rural areas was only 60% of the rate seen in Urban Trivandrum. Unlike in other rural and urban areas of India Cervix cancer has a low incidence rate in Kerala women. This may be due to better education and also due to the changes in marital and other life style practices. Only 15% of cancer patients attend for medical assistance in localized stage of disease. The need for public education is highlighted and focusing on tobacco use control, self-examination and screening

New subclasses of bi-univalent functions of complex order associated with hypergeometric functions

In the present paper, new subclasses of bi-univalent functions of complex order associated with hypergeometric functions are introduced and coefficient estimates for functions in these classes are obtained. Several new (or known) consequences of the results are also pointed out.Publisher's Versio

A profile of cases of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia at a tertiary care centre in South India

Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) comprises a spectrum of diseases ranging from molar pregnancy to malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). GTN are highly chemo-sensitive tumours which are treated as per FIGO risk stratification. The rarity of the disease limits the evidence regarding the disease to case series and reports. The objective of this study was to study incidence, baseline characteristics of patients and clinical outcome of GTN patients treated at this centre.Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study based on medical records of patients of GTD who were registered in department of medical oncology, from January 2015 to December 2018 (4 years). GTN was diagnosed based on serum beta HCG values. Their baseline characteristics, risk score, serum β HCG levels, and treatment regimens were investigated. The incidence of GTD and response to treatment were analysed.Results: Out of 211 GTD patients, 56 developed GTN. The incidence was 3.4 per 10000 deliveries. Low risk cases (n=38) were treated with methotrexate and actinomycin in first line while high risk cases received EMACO and EP followed by EMACO as the first line. A cure rate of 100% for low risk cases and 94.4% (n=17) for high risk cases were recorded. Resistance to MTX was 32.3% while EMACO was resistant in 46.6% as first line. Neutropenia and alopecia were the most common treatment related adverse events. Predictors of resistance to single agent in low risk GTN include higher pre-treatment βHCG values and higher risk scores.Conclusions: GTN exemplifies a rare, highly aggressive but curable malignancy. Serum βHCG is the most reliable diagnostic as well as prognostic marker in management of GTD. EMACO is the preferred regimen for high risk GTN. FIGO staging and risk stratification help in individualizing the treatment to ensure maximum response to therapy thus making GTN a curable malignancy

Thyroid Segmentation and Volume Estimation Using CT Images

ABSTRACT: Pathology of thyroid gland is determined by physicians with its volume as a significant indicator.For this thyroid area segmentation and volume estimation are necessary steps. Most physicians use CT images even if the volume of thyroid gland is determined using Ultrasound images, for precise evaluation of volume of thyroid gland. In this paper a Linear Vector Quantization neural network (LVQNN) with a pre-processing procedure and initial segmentation using cellular automata(CA) is proposed for thyroid segmentation and volume estimation using computerized tomography (CT) images

Active Vibration Control of a Smart Cantilever Beam on General Purpose Operating System

All mechanical systems suffer from undesirable vibrations during their operations. Their occurrence is uncontrollable as it depends on various factors. However, for efficient operation of the system, these vibrations have to be controlled within the specified limits. Light weight, rapid and multi-mode control of the vibrating structure is possible by the use of piezoelectric sensors and actuators and feedback control algorithms. In this paper, direct output feedback based active vibration control has been implemented on a cantilever beam using Lead Zirconate-Titanate (PZT) sensors and actuators. Three PZT patches were used, one as the sensor, one as the exciter providing the forced vibrations and the third acting as the actuator that provides an equal but opposite phase vibration/force signal to that of sensed so as to damp out the vibrations. The designed algorithm is implemented on Lab VIEW 2010 on Windows 7 Platform.Defence Science Journal, 2013, 63(4), pp.413-417, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.63.486

3′-Hy­droxy­methyl-1′-methyl-3′-nitro-4′-(o-tol­yl)spiro­[indoline-3,2′-pyrrolidin]-2-one

The title compound, C20H21N3O4, crystallizes with two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. In both mol­ecules, the pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds