Experimental growth law for bubbles in a "wet" 3D liquid foam

We used X-ray tomography to characterize the geometry of all bubbles in a liquid foam of average liquid fraction $\phi_l\approx 17$ and to follow their evolution, measuring the normalized growth rate $\mathcal{G}=V^{-{1/3}}\frac{dV} {dt}$ for 7000 bubbles. While $\mathcal{G}$ does not depend only on the number of faces of a bubble, its average over $f-$faced bubbles scales as $G_f\sim f-f_0$ for large $f$s at all times. We discuss the dispersion of $\mathcal{G}$ and the influence of $V$ on $\mathcal{G}$.Comment: 10 pages, submitted to PR

Inevitable Irreversibility Generated by the Glass Transition of the Binary Lattice Gas Model

We numerically investigate the thermodynamic properties of the glass state. As the object of our study, we employ a binary lattice gas model. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we find that this model actually experiences a glass transition. We introduce a potential into the model that represents a piston with which we compress the glass. By measuring the work performed in this process, we find that irreversible works exist at the glass state even in the quasistatic limit. This implies that yield stress is created by the glass transition.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Dynamical density functional theory for dense atomic liquids

Starting from Newton's equations of motion, we derive a dynamical density functional theory (DDFT) applicable to atomic liquids. The theory has the feature that it requires as input the Helmholtz free energy functional from equilibrium density functional theory. This means that, given a reliable equilibrium free energy functional, the correct equilibrium fluid density profile is guaranteed. We show that when the isothermal compressibility is small, the DDFT generates the correct value for the speed of sound in a dense liquid. We also interpret the theory as a dynamical equation for a coarse grained fluid density and show that the theory can be used (making further approximations) to derive the standard mode coupling theory that is used to describe the glass transition. The present theory should provide a useful starting point for describing the dynamics of inhomogeneous atomic fluids.Comment: 14 pages, accepted for publication in J. Phys.: Condens. Matte

Statics and dynamics of domain patterns in hexagonal-orthorhombic ferroelastics

We study the statics and the dynamics of domain patterns in proper hexagonal-orthorhombic ferroelastics; these patterns are of particular interest because they provide a rare physical realization of disclinations in crystals. Both our static and dynamical theories are based entirely on classical, nonlinear elasticity theory; we use the minimal theory consistent with stability, symmetry and ability to explain qualitatively the observed patterns. After scaling, the only parameters of the static theory are a temperature variable and a stiffness variable. For moderate to large stiffness, our static results show nested stars, unnested stars, fans and other nodes, triangular and trapezoidal regions of trapped hexagonal phase, etc observed in electron microscopy of Ta4N and Mg-Cd alloys, and also in lead orthovanadate (which is trigonal-monoclinic); we even find imperfections in some nodes, like those observed. For small stiffness, we find patterns like those observed in the mineral Mg-cordierite. Our dynamical studies of growth and relaxation show the formation of these static patterns, and also transitory structures such as 12-armed bursts, streamers and striations which are also seen experimentally. The major aspects of the growth-relaxation process are quite unlike those in systems with conventional order parameters, for it is inherently nonlocal; for example, the changes from one snapshot to the next are not predictable by inspection.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures (1 b&w, 2 colour); animations may be viewed at http://huron.physics.utoronto.ca/~curnoe/sim.htm

The Shapes of Cooperatively Rearranging Regions in Glass Forming Liquids

The shapes of cooperatively rearranging regions in glassy liquids change from being compact at low temperatures to fractal or ``stringy'' as the dynamical crossover temperature from activated to collisional transport is approached from below. We present a quantitative microscopic treatment of this change of morphology within the framework of the random first order transition theory of glasses. We predict a correlation of the ratio of the dynamical crossover temperature to the laboratory glass transition temperature, and the heat capacity discontinuity at the glass transition, Delta C_p. The predicted correlation agrees with experimental results for the 21 materials compiled by Novikov and Sokolov.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Particle dynamics in view of dynamical density functional theory

Strongly correlated dynamics of fluid particles in a supercooled liquid is discussed on the basis of the mesoscopic kinetic equation involved in the dynamical density functional theory, focusing attention on the advantage of a spatio-temporally coarse-grained description. By virtue of the coarse-grained character, the time evolution of the density profile is effectively obtainable beyond the late β-relaxation regime, skipping over microscopic processes. Application of the theory is proposed in discussing the correlation length of particle motion, which may be crucial in examining the effect of confinement

Structure analysis of NiAl martensite

Neutron elastic scattering experiments were performed in order to investigate the structure of the low temperature martensitic phase of Ni/sub 62.5/Al/sub 37.5/ alloy. The average structure analyzed from the integrated intensity was approximately described by the (5,/minus/2) structure proposed by Martynov et al. Small deviation from the exact (5,/minus/2) model in the positional parameters and the anomalously large Debye-Waller factor were obtained. The observed satellite profiles show asymmetrical broadening, and the peak positions shift from the regular reciprocal lattice points. These anomalous features of scattering profiles were tentatively interpreted by introducing spatial modulation of the strain and order parameters. 12 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab