Livestock Sector in North-Eastern Region of India: An Appraisal of Performance

Although agriculture is the prime source of livelihood for a majority of rural population in the North-Eastern region (NER) of India, dependence on livestock as an alternative source of income is significant. Responding to the burgeoning demand for livestock products in a sustainable manner is a big challenge. The widening gap between the demand and supply of livestock products can be met through bringing out changes in the production structure or opening up the international trade. In this context, an analysis of performance and factors influencing development of the livestock sector in NER has been carried out. The growth of livestock sector has been found slower in the NER than at the national level. However, a significant proportion of landless labourers, small and marginal farmers have access to livestock resources and acceleration in the growth of livestock in NER offers significant opportunities for household income augmentation and employment generation. Several factors identified to influence households’ decision to rear livestock include availability of labour, occupation, caste, farm-size, availability of irrigation, and access to information sources. The study has shown that the NE states should take technical, institutional and policy initiatives for the improvement of breeds, feed availability, disease control and food safety of livestock.Livestock Production/Industries,

The level of stress and coping strategies among cardiac and psychiatric ward nurses of selected hospitals in Madurai, Tamil Nadu

A comparative study to assess the level of stress and coping strategies among cardiac and psychiatric ward nurses of selected hospitals in Madurai. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the level of stress among cardiac and psychiatric ward nurses. 2. To assess the level of coping strategies among cardiac and psychiatric ward nurses. 3. To find out the correlation between the stress and coping strategies among cardiac ward nurses. 4. To find out the correlation between the stress and coping strategies among psychiatric ward nurses. 5. To compare the level of stress among cardiac and psychiatric ward nurses. 6. To compare the level of coping strategies among cardiac and psychiatric ward nurses. 7. To find out the association between the level of stress among cardiac ward nurses with selected demographic variables such as age, sex, religion, education, years of experience in the same units, ward, income, type of family, distance of work place, type of residence, mode of travel and supporting system during stress. 8. To find out the association between the level coping strategies among cardiac ward nurses with selected demographic variables such as age, sex, religion, education, years of experience in the same units, ward, income, type of family, distance of work place, type of residence, mode of travel and supporting system during stress. 9. To find out the association between the levels of stress among psychiatric ward nurses with selected demographic variables such as age, sex, religion, education, years of experience in the same units, ward, income, type of family, distance of work place, type of residence, mode of travel and supporting system during stress. 10.To find out the association between the level coping strategies among psychiatric ward nurses with selected demographic variables such as age, sex, religion, education, years of experience in the same units, ward, income, type of family, distance of work place, type of residence, mode of travel and supporting system during stress. HYPOTHESIS: 1. There will be a significant relationship between the level of stress and coping strategies of cardiac ward nurses. 2. There will be a significant relationship between the level of stress and coping strategies of psychiatric ward nurses. 3. There will be a significant difference in the level of stress among cardiac and psychiatric ward nurses. 4. There will be a significant difference in the level of coping strategies among cardiac and psychiatric ward nurses. 5. There will be a significant association between the level of stress among cardiac ward nurses with selected demographic variable such as age, sex, religion, education, years of experience in the same units, ward, income, type of family, distance of work place, type of residence, mode of travel and supporting system during stress. 6. There will be a significant association between the level of coping strategies among cardiac ward nurses with selected demographic variable such as age, sex, religion, education, years of experience in the same units, ward, income, type of family, distance of work place, type of residence, mode of travel and supporting system during stress. 7. There will be a significant association between the level of stress among psychiatric ward nurses with selected demographic variable such as age, sex, religion, education, years of experience in the same units, ward, income, type of family, distance of work place, type of residence, mode of travel and supporting system during stress. 8. There will be a significant association between the level of coping strategies among psychiatric ward nurses with selected demographic variable such as age, sex, religion, education, years of experience in the same units, ward, income, type of family, distance of work place, type of residence, mode of travel and supporting system during stress. ASSUMPTIONS: All the nurses who work in the hospital will experience stress. With experience, nurses will develop better coping strategies. Stress is the most common & serious health problem among nurses. Stress is the most common & serious health problem among psychiatric than the cardiac nurses. Nurses’ stress can be reduced by improving coping strategies in working environment. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: 1. Level of stress among cardiac and psychiatric ward nurses Table- II shows, the distribution of level of stress in cardiac ward nurses, among them 1 (3.3%) had mild stress, 17 (56.7%) had moderate stress, 12 (40%) had severe stress. In psychiatric ward nurses, 13 (43.3%) had mild stress, 14 (46.7%) had moderate stress, 3 (10%) had severe stress. 2. Level of coping strategies among cardiac and psychiatric ward nurses Table III shows, the coping strategies among cardiac ward nurses, among them 11 (36.7%) had low coping strategies, 16 (53.3%) had moderate coping strategies, 3 (10%) had high coping strategies. In psychiatric ward nurses, 2 (6.7%) had low coping strategies, 16 (53.3%) had moderate coping strategies, 12 (40%) had high coping strategies. 3. Correlation between the stress and coping strategies among cardiac ward nurses Table –IV shows, the calculated r- value was (r= -0.3629) which indicated the presence of negative correlation in between the stress and coping among cardiac ward nurses. 4. Correlation between the stress and coping strategies among cardiac ward nurses Table –V shows, the calculated r- value was (r= -0.4383) which indicated the presence of negative correlation in between the stress and coping among Psychiatric ward nurses. 5. Comparison of the level of stress and coping strategies of cardiac ward nurses Table –VI shows, the calculated ‘t’ value (t-8.932) which indicate there is a significant difference in the level of stress among cardiac and psychiatric ward nurses. 6. Comparison of the level of stress and coping strategies of psychiatric ward nurses Table –VII shows, the calculated ‘t’ value (t-3.353) which indicate there is a significant difference in coping strategies among cardiac and psychiatric ward nurses. 7. Association between level of stress and coping strategies among cardiac ward nurses with selected demographic variable Table –VIII shows, there was consistent association between the level of stress with cardiac ward nurses and demographic variables such as religion at the level of p<0.05. The above finding supports the research hypothesis. There was no consistent association between the level of stress with cardiac ward nurses and demographic variables such as sex, age, education, years of experience in the same ward, marital status, income, type of family, family background, distance of work place, type of residence, mode of travel, supporting system during stress at the level of p>0.05. The above findings reject the null hypothesis. 8. Association between level of coping strategies among cardiac ward nurses with selected demographic variable There was no consistent association between the coping strategies with cardiac ward nurses and demographic variables such as sex, age, religion, education, years of experience in the same ward, marital status, income, type of family, family background, distance of work place, type of residence, mode of travel, supporting system during stress at the level of p>0.05. The above findings reject the null hypothesis. 9. Association between level of stress and coping strategies among psychiatric ward nurses with selected demographic variable Table –IX shows, there was consistent association between the level of stress with psychiatric ward nurses and demographic variables such as religion at the level of p<0.05. The above finding supports the research hypothesis. There was no consistent association between the level of stress with psychiatric ward nurses and demographic variables such as sex, age, education, years of experience in the same ward, marital status, income, type of family, family background, distance of work place, type of residence, mode of travel, supporting system during stress at the level of p>0.05. The above findings reject the null hypothesis. 10.Association between level of stress and coping strategies among psychiatric ward nurses with selected demographic variable There was no consistent association between the coping strategies with psychiatric ward nurses and demographic variables such as sex, age, religion, education, years of experience in the same ward, marital status, income, type of family, family background, distance of work place, type of residence, mode of travel, supporting system during stress at the level of p>0.05. The above findings reject the null hypothesis. CONCLUSION: Stress in nursing practice is inevitable. Though it may vary from individual to another, the work set up also play a major role, for cardiac ward nurses work load is the major source of stress which can be handled with enhanced manpower and adequate resources. Since psychiatric ward nurses are away from physical care of the patients they tend to be less stress than cardiac nurses

IMPACT AND INFECTION OF SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) IN INDIA: CURRENT STATUS

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is an RNA virus, and the trade impact of the epidemic for India. In humans, the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 can occur via respiratory secretions. Nosocomial transmission has been described as an important driver in the epidemiology of SARS, MERS and has also been documented in COVID-19. In India, totally were recorded (59662, and 182142), such as active cases (39834, and 89995), cured (17846, and 86983) death rates (1981, and 5164) at 10th and 30th May 2020. The case report provides an insight into the COVID-19 current situation and represents a picture of the current state of the art in terms of public health impacts

Analytical Study of Right Iliac Fossa Masses Clinical Features and Management

INTRODUCTION: Right Iliac Fossa Mass is quite commom in our part of country. The mass has varied origin and requires versatility in its management. This is because the mass may range from benign to most aggressively malignant lesion and touch upon various specialities of surgery, like genitourinary surgery, vascular surgery, gynecological surgery, and colorectal surgery. Hence a detailed study of the variouscauses of Right Iliac Fossa Mass will help in analyzing the different types of presentation and the management. Right Iliac Fossa Mass has 8 anatomical entities, and six other organs in the neighbourhood whose pathology may extend into this region. Right Iliac Fossa region has Appendix, Cecum, Terminal Ileum, Lymphnodes, Iliac artery and vein, Retroperitoneal connective tissues, Iliopsoas muscle, and Iliac bone. Neighbouring organs and their pathologies which might extend into this region are Kidney, Gallbladder, Uterus, Urinary Bladder, Testis, and Pelvic abcess. Hence, this study has been initiated with a view to analyse: 1. Incidence of different types of Right iliac fossa masses. 2. Variable clinical presentstion and investications most helpful for each case. AIMS OF THE STUDY: 1. To evaluate a) The incidence of various causes of Right iliac fossa masses and the commonest causes. b) Various modes of presentations of Right iliac fossa masses. c) Most helpful investigations for aiding in diagnosis of Right iliac fossa masses. 2. To determine the management of right fossa masses whether by emergency surgery or by conservative measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a period of time from 2004 to 2006 all the patients admitted in the surgical wards were examined and patients who had a lump in the right iliac fossa were grouped for the study. In this study total of fifty patients were taken up for study over the previous two and half years duration. pediatric cases were not included in this study group. Routine thorough history was elicited, and detailed clinical examination was performed. Routine hematological and biochemical investigations were done. Radiological examinations, X-rays chest PA view was taken to all patients, along with X-ray abdomen plain view for correlation and contribution to the diagnosis. Specific investigations were also performed, considering the merits of the individual case. USG – abdomen was performed for all cases. Depending on the requirement of individual case presentation Barium meal series or Barium Enema evaluation was performed. Colonoscopy was not done as this facility was not available at this centre. CT Scan abdomen contrast study also done. CONCLUSION: 1. Appendicular mass is the commonest of all right iliac fossa masses, 46%, followed by ileocecal TB,Ca.cecum, ovarian cyst. The frequency of unusual cases is difficult to assess in a small study like this. 2. In younger age group, inflammatory masses like appendicular mass, iliocecal TB predominate and ovary mass in young females is an important cause of right iliac fossa mass. Ca.cecum and appendicular abscess are more common in the older age group. 3. USG abdomen as a preliminary investigation in the right iliac fossa masses has been found to be useful in deciding further investigations and planning management. 4. Appendicular mass presents with short duration of pain. In about 20% of patients consevative treatment has to be abondened in favour of surgical intervention. 5. Ileocecal TB is more common in males in this small study. Barium enema is the investigation of choice for patients with chronic symtoms. about 45% of cases of ileocecal TB presented acutely and needed emergency laparatomy for diagnosis and treatment. 6. Ca.Cecum fecal occult blood loss and weight loss are almost and always present. 7. A complicated ovarian cyst should be always thought of in young females, with acute abdominal pain and right iliac fossa mass

The Strontium-Coated Clay Nanoparticles in Calcium Phosphate Cement for Biomedical Applications

Anusha Elumalai, Yangyang Luo, and Ahmed Humayun are graduate students in Molecular Science and Nanotechnology at Louisiana Tech University. Dr. David K. Mills is a professor in the School of Biological Sciences at Louisiana Tech University. The abstract for The Strontium-Coated Clay Nanoparticles in Calcium Phosphate Cement for Biomedical Applications can be downloaded by clicking on the blue download button

Evidences for Extreme Wave Events in Velanganni Coast, Southeast of India

The present study focuses on sediment grain size, microfossil content and heavy minerals present in the sediments collected from a trench in the southeast coast of India in order to identify the frequent extreme wave events (e.g. storm surge, cyclone, tsunami, etc.). Two different depositional events were identified at different depths with distinct sedimentological, mineralogical and microfossil characteristics. These geological features further improve the understanding of depositional sequences in this region

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF MILLINGTONIA HORTENSIS (L)

Objective: Millingtonia hortensis Linn (Bignoniaceae) is commonly known as cork tree and Akash neem. Aim of studies to determine the antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity.Methods: The antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts were measured by chemical analyses involving the assay of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and super oxide radical scavenging activity.Results: Phytochemicals (secondary metabolites) screening of methanol, chloroform, ethanol, petroleum ether, aqueous leaf extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, betacyanins, phenols and coumarins.Conclusion: The presence of these phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity support the use of this plant as an antibacterial agent against the group of micro organisms tested.Â

Complete Plastid Genome Sequence of the Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum) and the Phylogenetic Distribution of rps12 and clpP Intron Losses Among Legumes (Leguminosae)

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum, Leguminosae), an important grain legume, is widely used for food and fodder throughout the world. We sequenced the complete plastid genome of chickpea, which is 125,319 bp in size, and contains only one copy of the inverted repeat (IR). The genome encodes 108 genes, including 4 rRNAs, 29 tRNAs, and 75 proteins. The genes rps16, infA, and ycf4 are absent in the chickpea plastid genome, and ndhB has an internal stop codon in the 5′exon, similar to other legumes. Two genes have lost their introns, one in the 3′exon of the transpliced gene rps12, and the one between exons 1 and 2 of clpP; this represents the first documented case of the loss of introns from both of these genes in the same plastid genome. An extensive phylogenetic survey of these intron losses was performed on 302 taxa across legumes and the related family Polygalaceae. The clpP intron has been lost exclusively in taxa from the temperate “IR-lacking clade” (IRLC), whereas the rps12 intron has been lost in most members of the IRLC (with the exception of Wisteria, Callerya, Afgekia, and certain species of Millettia, which represent the earliest diverging lineages of this clade), and in the tribe Desmodieae, which is closely related to the tribes Phaseoleae and Psoraleeae. Data provided here suggest that the loss of the rps12 intron occurred after the loss of the IR. The two new genomic changes identified in the present study provide additional support of the monophyly of the IR-loss clade, and resolution of the pattern of the earliest-branching lineages in this clade. The availability of the complete chickpea plastid genome sequence also provides valuable information on intergenic spacer regions among legumes and endogenous regulatory sequences for plastid genetic engineering

Impact of Combined Resisted and Aerobic Exercises on Obesity and Glycemic Control on Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent non communicable disease in Indian population. In the next 15 to 20 years India is expected to be the diabetic capital of the world. Type 2 diabetes mellitus caused predominantly by insulin resistance is the major contributor to the total diabetic percentage. Increase in obesity also increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This research study evaluates the impact of combined resisted and aerobic exercises in bringing down the levels of HbA1C and also waist circumference. This helps in improving the glycemic control of patients with Diabetes mellitus and their quality of life

EVALUATION OF ANTI-OXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF COUROUPITA GUIANENSIS LEAVES

Abstract: The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Couroupita guianensis against CCL 4 induced liver damage in rats. Anti-oxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. Ascorbic acid was used as the standard antioxidants for comparison. Healthy male Wistar albino rats of either sex (150-200g) were used for the in-vivo investigations. Liver damage was induced by administration of 30% CCl 4 suspended in olive oil (1ml/kg body weight). Activities of liver marker enzymes, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), asparate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and total protein (TP) at doses of 150mg/kg and 300 mg/kg showed a significant hepatoprotective effect in comparison with the standard (silymarin). The present study demonstrates that the extract of Couroupita guianensis has hepatoprotective effect against CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity