4,301 research outputs found
Solar coronal plumes and the fast solar wind
The spectral profiles of the coronal Ne viii line at 77 nm have different
shapes in quiet-Sun regions and coronal holes (CHs). A single Gaussian fit of
the line profile provides an adequate approximation in quiet-Sun areas, whereas
a strong shoulder on the long-wavelength side is a systematic feature in CHs.
Although this has been noticed since 1999, no physical reason for the peculiar
shape could be given. In an attempt to identify the cause of this peculiarity,
we address three problems that could not be conclusively resolved in a review
article by a study team of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI;
Wilhelm et al. 2011) : (1) The physical processes operating at the base and
inside of plumes as well as their interaction with the solar wind (SW). (2) The
possible contribution of plume plasma to the fast SW streams. (3) The signature
of the first-ionization potential (FIP) effect between plumes and inter-plume
regions (IPRs). Before the spectroscopic peculiarities in IPRs and plumes in
polar coronal holes (PCHs) can be further investigated with the instrument
Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) aboard the Solar
and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), it is mandatory to summarize the results
of the review to place the spectroscopic observations into context. Finally, a
plume model is proposed that satisfactorily explains the plasma flows up and
down the plume field lines and leads to the shape of the neon line in PCHs.Comment: 8 Pages; 3 Figures; To appear in Journal of Astrophysics & Astronomy
(Special Issue; Eds. V. Fedun, A.K. Srivastava, R. Erdelyi, J.C. Pandey
Emergence of (bi)multi-partiteness in networks having inhibitory and excitatory couplings
(Bi)multi-partite interaction patterns are commonly observed in real world
systems which have inhibitory and excitatory couplings. We hypothesize these
structural interaction pattern to be stable and naturally arising in the course
of evolution. We demonstrate that a random structure evolves to the
(bi)multi-partite structure by imposing stability criterion through
minimization of the largest eigenvalue in the genetic algorithm devised on the
interacting units having inhibitory and excitatory couplings. The evolved
interaction patterns are robust against changes in the initial network
architecture as well as fluctuations in the interaction weights.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure
Gravitational redshift and the vacuum index of refraction
A physical process of the gravitational redshift was described in an earlier
paper (Wilhelm & Dwivedi 2014) that did not require any information for the
emitting atom neither on the local gravitational potential U nor on the speed
of light c. Although it could be shown that the correct energy shift of the
emitted photon resulted from energy and momentum conservation principles and
the speed of light at the emission site, it was not obvious how this speed is
controlled by the gravitational potential. The aim of this paper is to describe
a physical process that can accomplish this control. We determine the local
speed of light c by deducing a gravitational index of refraction nG as a
function of the potential U assuming a specific aether model, in which photons
propagate as solitons. Even though an atom cannot locally sense the
gravitational potential U (cf. Muller et al. 2010), the gravitational redshift
will nevertheless be determined by U (cf. Wolf et al. 2010)- mediated by the
local speed of light c.Comment: 8 Page
Optimization of synchronizability in multiplex networks
We investigate the optimization of synchronizability in multiplex networks
and demonstrate that the interlayer coupling strength is the deciding factor
for the efficiency of optimization. The optimized networks have homogeneity in
the degree as well as in the betweenness centrality. Additionally, the
interlayer coupling strength crucially affects various properties of individual
layers in the optimized multiplex networks. We provide an understanding to how
the emerged network properties are shaped or affected when the evolution
renders them better synchronizable.Comment: 6 pages and 6 figure
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