Improving lighting quality by practical measurements of the luminance distribution

\u3cp\u3eLight is one of the important aspects for a comfortable office environment. Too often high quality lighting is not achieved. Lighting quality can be defined by different aspects that are relevant such as the quantity, distribution, glare, spectral power distribution, daylight, directionality, and dynamics of light. The luminance distribution seems to be a suitable measure to achieve high quality lighting. The luminance distribution can be measured, with a practical accuracy, by commercially available cameras and fisheye lenses. All these aspects spectral power distribution can be measured using a camera-based luminance distribution measurement device. So, a luminance distribution measurement device is an excellent tool to measure or indicate lighting quality. It can be used to achieve a better understanding of lighting quality and potentially it can be implemented in automated building control systems.\u3c/p\u3

Antimicrobial resistance in Clostridium perfringens isolates from broilers in Belgium

The antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens strains isolated from Belgian broilers between May and September 2007 was investigated. All 39 tested isolates were sensitive to enrofloxacin, erythromycin, tylosin, florfenicol and bacitracin. Twenty-six (66%) and 24 (61%) out of the 39 tested isolates showed acquired resistance to tetracycline and lincomycin, respectively. The C. perfringens isolates were also screened by PCR for the presence of the resistance genes tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), tetB(P), tet(O), tet(W), lnu(A) and lnu(B). In 22/26 tetracycline resistant strains and 7/24 lincomycin resistant strains, resistance could be attributed to one or more of these genes. An extended frequency distribution range of MICs was seen for ampicillin. These data are consistent with data derived from studies carried out in 1980 and in 2004, indicating that no changes in antimicrobial resistance patterns have taken place during time in C. perfringens isolates from broilers in Belgium