13,245 research outputs found
Fluctuation Analysis of Human Electroencephalogram
The scaling behaviors of the human electroencephalogram (EEG) time series are
studied using detrended fluctuation analysis. Two scaling regions are found in
nearly every channel for all subjects examined. The scatter plot of the scaling
exponents for all channels (up to 129) reveals the complicated structure of a
subject's brain activity. Moment analyses are performed to extract the gross
features of all the scaling exponents, and another universal scaling behavior
is identified. A one-parameter description is found to characterize the
fluctuation properties of the nonlinear behaviors of the brain dynamics.Comment: 4 pages in RevTeX + 6 figures in ep
Z boson production in proton-lead collisions at the LHC accounting for transverse momenta of initial partons
We perform a calculation of inclusive boson production in proton-lead
collisions at the LHC taking into account the transverse momenta of the initial
partons. We use the framework of -factorization combining transverse
momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs) with off-shell matrix elements.
In order to do it we need to construct appropriate TMDs for lead nuclei which
is done using the parton branching method. Our computations are compared with
data from CMS taken at TeV. The results are in good agreement
with the measurements especially the transverse momentum distribution of the
boson.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figure
Bubbles from Nothing
Within the framework of flux compactifications, we construct an instanton
describing the quantum creation of an open universe from nothing. The solution
has many features in common with the smooth 6d bubble of nothing solutions
discussed recently, where the spacetime is described by a 4d compactification
of a 6d Einstein-Maxwell theory on S^2 stabilized by flux. The four-dimensional
description of this instanton reduces to that of Hawking and Turok. The choice
of parameters uniquely determines all future evolution, which we additionally
find to be stable against bubble of nothing instabilities.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figure
Preferences and Beliefs in a Sequential Social Dilemma: A Within-Subjects Analysis
Within-subject data from sequential social dilemma experiments reveal a correlation of first-and second-mover decisions for which two channels may be responsible, that our experiment allows to separate: i) a direct, preference-based channel that influences both first- and second-mover decisions; ii) an indirect channel, where second-mover decisions influence beliefs via a consensus effect, and the first-mover decision is a best response to these beliefs. We find strong evidence for the indirect channel: beliefs about second-mover cooperation are biased toward own second-mover behavior, and most subjects best respond to stated beliefs. But when first movers know the true probability of second-mover cooperation, subjects' own second moves still have predictive power regarding their first moves, suggesting that the direct channel also plays a role.experimental economics, consensus effect, social dilemmas
Human substantia nigra neurons encode unexpected financial rewards
The brain's sensitivity to unexpected outcomes plays a fundamental role in an\ud
organism's ability to adapt and learn new behaviors. Emerging research suggests that\ud
midbrain dopaminergic neurons encode these unexpected outcomes. We used\ud
microelectrode recordings during deep brain stimulation surgery to study neuronal activity in\ud
the human substantia nigra (SN) while patients with Parkinson's disease engaged in a\ud
probabilistic learning task motivated by virtual financial rewards. Based on a model of the ..
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Bacteria photosensitized by intracellular gold nanoclusters for solar fuel production.
The demand for renewable and sustainable fuel has prompted the rapid development of advanced nanotechnologies to effectively harness solar power. The construction of photosynthetic biohybrid systems (PBSs) aims to link preassembled biosynthetic pathways with inorganic light absorbers. This strategy inherits both the high light-harvesting efficiency of solid-state semiconductors and the superior catalytic performance of whole-cell microorganisms. Here, we introduce an intracellular, biocompatible light absorber, in the form of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), to circumvent the sluggish kinetics of electron transfer for existing PBSs. Translocation of these AuNCs into non-photosynthetic bacteria enables photosynthesis of acetic acid from CO2. The AuNCs also serve as inhibitors of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to maintain high bacterium viability. With the dual advantages of light absorption and biocompatibility, this new generation of PBS can efficiently harvest sunlight and transfer photogenerated electrons to cellular metabolism, realizing CO2 fixation continuously over several days
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