Changing Pattern of Esophageal Cancer Incidence in New Mexico: A 30-Year Evaluation

The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased over the last 30 years, especially in non-Hispanic whites (nHw). Recent work indicates an increase in Hispanic Americans (HA). It is important to understand the effect of ethnicity on cancer occurrence over a prolonged interval. We searched the New Mexico Tumor Registry for all cases of esophageal cancer from 1 January 1973 to 31 December 2002. Inclusion criteria were histologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, ethnicity and gender. Incidence rates for both were compared among ethnic groups in 5-year intervals. Nine hundred eighty-eight patients met the criteria. Esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence rates/100,000 population increased significantly over 30 years; 1973–1977, 0.4 cases; 1978–1982, 0.4 cases; 1983–1987, 0.6 cases; 1988–1992, 1.2 cases, 1993–1997, 1.6 cases and 1998–2002, 2.2 cases; P < 0.001. Squamous cell carcinoma incidence rates remained unchanged during the interval. In nHw and HA, adenocarcinoma incidence rates increased significantly during the study period. In all minority groups, squamous cell carcinoma remained the major type. Esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence among nHw and HA increased from 1973 to 2002 in New Mexico. Squamous cell carcinoma remains predominant in minorities. Ethnicity may influence the histology or indicate an increased risk for certain types of esophageal cancer

Prevalência de adenomas colorretais em pacientes com história familiar para câncer colorretal Prevalence of colorectal adenomas in patients with family history of colorectal cancer

O câncer colorretal (CCR) é uma doença comum e letal, influenciada por fatores genéticos e ambientais, e pela interação entre ambos. Seu risco está fortemente associado ao número e à idade dos parentes de primeiro grau com história de CCR. O objetivo foi estudar a prevalência de adenomas em pacientes com história familiar de câncer colorretal. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo, tendo como alvo todos os pacientes submetidos à colonoscopia em um hospital de referência da cidade de Porto Alegre, entre 2003 e 2007. Resultados: Dos 2.462 pacientes estudados, 118 apresentaram história familiar para CCR e 2.344 não apresentaram. Nos dois grupos, houve predomínio do sexo feminino (P=0,001). Nos pacientes com adenomas e história familiar para CCR, houve predomínio do sexo feminino. Já nos pacientes com adenomas e sem história familiar, o sexo masculino foi mais frequente (P=0,032). O número de adenomas entre eles não foi estatisticamente significativo (P=0,187). Conclusão: O grupo com história familiar para CCR mostrou mais mulheres (P=0,001) e a idade também foi inferior (P=0,002). A comparação entre o grupo com adenomas e história familiar para CCR mostrou um número maior de mulheres que o grupo com adenomas sem história familiar para CCR (P=0,032).<br>Colorectal cancer is a common and lethal disease, influenced by genetic and environmental factors and the interaction between both. The risk of colorectal cancer is strongly associated with the number and age of first degree relatives with colorectal cancer. Methods: A retrospective study was performed having as its objective all the patients submitted to colonoscopy in a reference hospital in the city of Porto Alegre, between 2003 and 2007. The goal is to study the prevalence of adenomas in patients with family history of colorectal cancer. Results: From the 2,462 analyzed patients, 118 had family history for colorectal cancer and 2,344 did not have. In both groups there was predominance of females (P=0.001). In the patients with adenomas and family history of colorectal cancer, there was predominance of females. In the patients with no family history of colorectal cancer there was predominance of males (P=0.032). The number of adenomas between them was not statistically significant (P=0.187). Conclusion: The group with family history of colorectal cancer has shown more women (P=0.001) and the age was also lower (P=0.002). The comparison between the group with adenomas and family history for colorectal cancer has shown a bigger number of women than the group with adenomas with no family history for colorectal cancer (P=0.032)