Regular consumption of vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink (Doogh) improved endothelial biomarkers in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind clinical trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Endothelial dysfunction has been proposed as the underlying cause of diabetic angiopathy that eventually leads to cardiovascular disease, the major cause of death in diabetes. We recently demonstrated the ameliorating effect of regular vitamin D intake on the glycemic status of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, the effects of improvement of vitamin D status on glycemic status, lipid profile and endothelial biomarkers in T2D subjects were investigated.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Subjects with T2D were randomly allocated to one of the two groups to receive either plain yogurt drink (PYD; containing 170 mg calcium and no vitamin D/250 mL, n₁= 50) or vitamin D3-fortified yogurt drink (FYD; containing 170 mg calcium and 500 IU/250 mL, n₂= 50) twice a day for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measures, glycemic status, lipid profile, body fat mass (FM) and endothelial biomarkers including serum endothelin-1, E-selectin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were evaluated at the beginning and after the 12-week intervention period.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The intervention resulted in a significant improvement in fasting glucose, the Quantitative Insulin Check Index (QUICKI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triacylglycerols, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), endothelin-1, E-selectin and MMP-9 in FYD compared to PYD (<it>P </it>< 0.05, for all). Interestingly, difference in changes of endothelin-1, E-selectin and MMP-9 concentrations in FYD compared to PYD (-0.35 ± 0.63 versus -0.03 ± 0.55, <it>P </it>= 0.028; -3.8 ± 7.3 versus 0.95 ± 8.3, <it>P </it>= 0.003 and -2.3 ± 3.7 versus 0.44 ± 7.1 ng/mL, respectively, <it>P </it>< 0.05 for all), even after controlling for changes of QUICKI, FM and waist circumference, remained significant for endothelin-1 and MMP-9 (<it>P </it>= 0.009 and <it>P </it>= 0.005, respectively) but disappeared for E-selectin (<it>P </it>= 0.092). On the contrary, after controlling for serum 25(OH)D, the differences disappeared for endothelin-1(<it>P </it>= 0.066) and MMP-9 (<it>P </it>= 0.277) but still remained significant for E-selectin (<it>P </it>= 0.011).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Ameliorated vitamin D status was accompanied by improved glycemic status, lipid profile and endothelial biomarkers in T2D subjects. Our findings suggest both direct and indirect ameliorating effects of vitamin D on the endothelial biomarkers.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov: <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01236846">NCT01236846</a></p

MCP-1 and CCR2 gene variants in oral squamous cell carcinoma

AIM: We aimed to investigate a possible association of the MCP-1 and CCR2 polymorphisms with the risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)

Oral cancer in young people: 10 years retrospective

Oral cancer in young people: 10 years retrospectiveObjectives:Oral cancer is the sixth most common of cancers worldwide. In last two dec-ades there were many reports emerging about young people having oral cancer, which isknown as having a peak during the sixth decades. In this study we aimed to evaluate theyoung people having oral cancer about etiologic factors.Methods:The data was retrospectively collected from the archives at Istanbul University,Oncology Institute, Radiation Oncology Department. 51 patients (19 female, 32 male)who were treated for oral cancer between years 2005-2015 and aged between 18 and 45were reviewed.Statistical data was evaluated with IBM 22.0 programme and statistical significance wastaken as P&lt;0.05.Results:The most common location was the tongue 27.5% followed by the hard palate15.7% and the base of tongue 13.7%. In terms of etiologic factors smoking, alcohol, fam-ily history of cancer were investigated. Smoking was found significantly higher in males(P=0.0001) but not statistically significant between age groups. Alcohol consumptionwas also found significantly higher in males (P=0.003) but not significant between agegroups. Family history of cancer results were similar between groups. Nodal metastasisresults between age groups found statistically significant.Higher aged group had more nodal metastasis (P=0.05). Histologic grading was alsofound statistically significant in comparison of age groups. The higher aged group hadmore poor differentiation than younger aged group (P=0.032).Conclusion:The risk factors we evaluated in this study have similar results with higherage groups. In the limitations of this study we could not compare HPV infection anddietary factors. However further investigations in larger groups, possibly prospectivelyconducted, could shed more light on risk factors of younger people having oral cancer. Relevance:Major avoidable risk factors for oral cancer seems to be similar whicheverage group we concern. More efforts both by clinicians and governments are needed, espe-cially to prevent the use of tobacco products