Occurrence of young mackerel: Rastrelliger canagurta (Cuvier) off Madras coast

The occurrence of young mackerel, Rastrelliger canagurta (Scomber microlepidotus of Day, 1876) which We have noticed in l arge numbers on 21st and 23rd March and on 20th April 1953 in the shore-seine ca tches on the Madras Coast is worthy of record. It is not uncommon to find young mackerel along the West Coast of India in the months of July to September (Chidambaram et al .. , 1952; Bhimachar and George, 1952; Panikkar, 1952)

A preliminary study of the juvenile fishes of the coastal waters off Madras city

It has generally been observed that in the commercial catches along the Madras coast very young stages of fish occur in enormous numbers during certain months. The present paper deals with the periodicity in the postlarval and juvenile bony fishes obtained from March 1954 to July 1955 collected from the fishing centres at Triphcane North and South, Ayodhyakuppam, Nochikuppam, Santhome, Kanniappanagar and Royapuram. The majority of the species being of great commercial importance, it is hoped that a record of their very young stages, apparently not older than a few months, as judged by their very small size of about few cm. in length, will help in fixing the approximate period of their breeding and in facilitating interpretation of the different size classes, usually obtained in the commercial catches. Further, it is well known that information on the fluctuations in the abundance of post-larvae of any commercial fish is of value in determining the magnitude of the forthcoming fisheries

Newborn screening for Pompe disease in Illinois: Experience with 684,290 infants

Statewide newborn screening for Pompe disease began in Illinois in 2015. As of 30 September 2019, a total of 684,290 infants had been screened and 395 infants (0.06%) were screen positive. A total of 29 cases of Pompe disease were identified (3 infantile, 26 late-onset). While many of the remainder were found to have normal alpha-glucosidase activity on the follow-up testing (234 of 395), other findings included 62 carriers, 39 infants with pseudodeficiency, and eight infants who could not be given a definitive diagnosis due to inconclusive follow-up testing

Not Available

Not AvailableIt has generally been observed that in the commercial catches along the Madras coast very young stages of fish occur in enormous numbers during certain months. The present paper deals with the periodicity in the postlarval and juvenile bony fishes obtained from March 1954 to July 1955 collected from the fishing centres at Triphcane North and South, Ayodhyakuppam, Nochikuppam, Santhome, Kanniappanagar and Royapuram. The majority of the species being of great commercial importance, it is hoped that a record of their very young stages, apparently not older than a few months, as judged by their very small size of about few cm. in length, will help in fixing the approximate period of their breeding and in facilitating interpretation of the different size classes, usually obtained in the commercial catches. Further, it is well known that information on the fluctuations in the abundance of post-larvae of any commercial fish is of value in determining the magnitude of the forthcoming fisheries.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe occurrence of young mackerel, Rastrelliger canagurta (Scomber microlepidotus of Day, 1876) which We have noticed in l arge numbers on 21st and 23rd March and on 20th April 1953 in the shore-seine ca tches on the Madras Coast is worthy of record. It is not uncommon to find young mackerel along the West Coast of India in the months of July to September (Chidambaram et al .. , 1952; Bhimachar and George, 1952; Panikkar, 1952).Not Availabl

Newborn Screening for X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: The Initial Illinois Experience

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder with an approximate incidence of 1 in 14,700 births. Both males and females are affected. Approximately one-third of affected males develop childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy, which progresses rapidly to severe disability and death. In these cases, early surveillance and treatment can be lifesaving, but only if initiated before the onset of neurologic symptoms. Therefore, X-ALD was added to the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel. We report outcomes of the initial screening of approximately 276,000 newborns in Illinois. The lipid C26:0 lysophosphatidylcholine (C26:0-LPC) was measured in dried blood spots (DBS) using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Results ≥ 0.28 µmol/L were considered screen positive. Of 18 screen positive results detected, 12 cases were confirmed. Results were reported as borderline if initial and repeat analyses were ≥0.18 and <0.28 µmol/L. Of the 73 borderline screen results, 57 were normal after analysis of a second sample. Five X-ALD cases were identified from borderline screens. Newborn screening of X-ALD was successfully implemented in Illinois, and results were comparable to reports from other states. Early identification of infants with this potentially life-threatening disorder will significantly improve outcomes for these children

Evaluation of Two Methods for Quantification of Glycosaminoglycan Biomarkers in Newborn Dried Blood Spots from Patients with Severe and Attenuated Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II

All newborn screening (NBS) for mucopolysaccharidosis-I and -II (MPS-I and MPS-II) is carried out via the measurement of α-iduronidase (IDUA) and iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) enzymatic activity, respectively, in dried blood spots (DBS). The majority of low enzyme results are due to pseudodeficiencies, and data from recent MPS-II population screenings and studies from the Mayo Clinic show that the false positive rate can be dramatically reduced by the inclusion of a second-tier analysis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in DBS as part of NBS. In the present study, which focused on MPS-II, we obtained newborn DBS from 17 patients with severe MPS-II, 1 with attenuated MPS-II, and 6 patients with various IDS pseudodeficiencies. These samples were submitted to two different GAG mass spectrometry analyses in a comparative study: (1) internal disaccharide biomarkers and (2) endogenous biomarkers. For both of these methods, the biomarker levels in six patients with pseudodeficiencies were below the range measured in MPS-II patients. One patient with attenuated MPS-II was not distinguishable from severe disease patients, but all MPS-II patients were distinguishable from the reference range using both methods. The minimal differential factor (lowest GAG marker level in MPS-II samples divided by highest level in the reference range of 60 random newborns) was 3.01-fold for the internal disaccharide method. The endogenous biomarker method demonstrated an improved minimum differential of 5.41-fold. The minimum differential factors between MPS-II patients and patients with pseudodeficiencies for the internal disaccharide and endogenous biomarker methods were 3.77-fold and 2.06-fold, respectively. This study supports use of the second-tier GAG analysis of newborn DBS, especially the endogenous disaccharide method, as part of NBS to reduce the false positive rate

In-vitro and computational analysis of Urolithin-A for anti-inflammatory activity on Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)

Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) participates in the inflammation process by converting arachidonic acid into prostaglandin G2 which increases inflammation, pain and fever. COX-2 has an active site and a heme pocket and blocking these sites stops the inflammation. Urolithin A is metabolite of ellagitannin produced from humans and animals gut microbes. In the current study, Urolithin A showed good pharmacokinetic properties. Molecular docking of the complex of Urolithin A and COX-2 revealed the ligand affinity of −7.97 kcal/mol with the ligand binding sites at TYR355, PHE518, ILE517 and GLN192 with the 4-H bonds at a distance of 2.8 Å, 2.3 Å, 2.5 Å and 1.9 Å. The RMSD plot for Urolithin A and COX-2 complex was observed to be constant throughout the duration of dynamics. A total of 3 pair of hydrogen bonds was largely observed on average of 3 simulation positions for dynamics duration of 500 ns. The MMPBSA analysis showed that active site amino acids had a binding energy of –22.0368 kJ/mol indicating that throughout the simulation the protein of target was bounded by Urolithin A. In-silico results were validated by biological assays. Urolithin A strongly revealed to exhibit anti-inflammatory effect on COX-2 with an IC50 value of 44.04 µg/mL. The anti-inflammatory capability was also depicted through reduction of protein denaturation that showed 37.6 ± 0.1 % and 43.2 ± 0.07 % reduction of protein denaturation for BSA and egg albumin respectively at 500 µg/mL. The present study, suggests Urolithin A to be an effective anti-inflammatory compound for therapeutic use