DUAL SERVER PASSWORD VALIDATION KEYWORD SWAPPING RULES

A PAKE protocol ought to be shielded from on-line and off-line dictionary attacks. Inside a off-line dictionary attack, an foe exhaustively tries all possible passwords inside the dictionary so that you can determine the password inside the client while using exchanged messages. Inside the single-server setting, all the passwords necessary to authenticate clients are stored in one server. Once the server is compromised. A Couple of-server password-only PAKE protocol was handed by Katz et al. through which two servers symmetrically lead for your authentication inside the client. The protocol inside the server side can run in parallel. Efficient protocols were later recommended. In this paper, we'll consider the two-server setting for PAKE only. By fifty percent-server PAKE, a person splits its password and stores two shares in the password inside the two servers, correspondingly, combined with the two servers then cooperate to authenticate the client missing the understanding in the password inside the client. The customer may keep the public parameter inside the personal device, like a smart card or simply a USB thumb drive. When the PKGs result in the private key for virtually any server, each PKG generates and transmits an individual primary factor for your server having a secure funnel. Our technique is to use multiple PKGs which cooperate to produce the understanding key or even the signing key for that server. As extended one of the PKGs is honest to consider the protocol, the understanding key or even the signing key for that server is known only to the server. Because we're able to believe that the two servers by fifty percent-server PAKE never collude, we are in a position to also think that one or more inside the PKGs don't collude as well as other PKGs

The Prognostic Impact of Protein Expression of E-Cadherin-Catenin Complexes Differs between Rectal and Colon Carcinoma

The E-cadherin-catenin complex provides cell-cell adhesion. In order for a carcinoma to metastasize, cancer cells must let go of their hold of neighboring cells in the primary tumor. The presence of components of the E-cadherin-catenin complex in 246 rectal adenocarcinomas was examined by immunohistochemistry and compared to their presence in 219 colon carcinomas. The expression data were correlated to clinical information from the patients' records. There were statistically significant differences in protein expression between the rectal and the colon carcinomas regarding membranous β-catenin, γ-catenin, p120-catenin, and E-cadherin, as well as nuclear β-catenin. In the rectal carcinomas, there was a significant inverse association between the expression of p120-catenin in cell membranes of the primary tumors and the occurrence of local recurrence, while membranous protein expression of β-catenin was inversely related to distant metastases

DNA Sequence Profiles of the Colorectal Cancer Critical Gene Set KRAS-BRAF-PIK3CA-PTEN-TP53 Related to Age at Disease Onset

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) increases with age and early onset indicates an increased likelihood for genetic predisposition for this disease. The somatic genetics of tumor development in relation to patient age remains mostly unknown. We have examined the mutation status of five known cancer critical genes in relation to age at diagnosis, and compared the genomic complexity of tumors from young patients without known CRC syndromes with those from elderly patients. Among 181 CRC patients, stratified by microsatellite instability status, DNA sequence changes were identified in KRAS (32%), BRAF (16%), PIK3CA (4%), PTEN (14%) and TP53 (51%). In patients younger than 50 years (n = 45), PIK3CA mutations were not observed and TP53 mutations were more frequent than in the older age groups. The total gene mutation index was lowest in tumors from the youngest patients. In contrast, the genome complexity, assessed as copy number aberrations, was highest in tumors from the youngest patients. A comparable number of tumors from young (<50 years) and old patients (>70 years) was quadruple negative for the four predictive gene markers (KRAS-BRAF-PIK3CA-PTEN); however, 16% of young versus only 1% of the old patients had tumor mutations in PTEN/PIK3CA exclusively. This implies that mutation testing for prediction of EGFR treatment response may be restricted to KRAS and BRAF in elderly (>70 years) patients. Distinct genetic differences found in tumors from young and elderly patients, whom are comparable for known clinical and pathological variables, indicate that young patients have a different genetic risk profile for CRC development than older patients

Clinical and pathogenetic characteristics and management of patients with atrial fibrillation in a cardiology department at the present time

Aim. To assess clinical and pathogenetic characteristics of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) hospitalized in cardiology department of the regional clinical hospital, and to clarify the related management strategy.Material and methods. A total of 1164 patients were hospitalized in cardiology department of N.A. Semashko Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital in 2017, of which 331 (28,4%) had AF. These patients were included in the study. We analyzed history data of all patients, standard diagnostic tests were carried out. The CHA2DS2-VASc score was used to determine the risk of thromboembolic events, and the HASBLED score — to determine the bleeding risk.Results. The average age of patients was 63,2±10,0 years. In all patients, AF was diagnosed before admission to the hospital. All patients were hospitalized according to hospital waiting lists due to underlying diseases. The most common diseases were coronary artery disease, mainly in combination with hypertension, inflammatory and dystrophic myocardial disorders. Twenty-four patients were hospitalized due to heart failure progression. Nonvalvular AF prevailed among patients. Most patients had a permanent AF (58,3%), the second place took pa - roxysmal AF (36,8%). Much less frequently (4,9%), a persistent AF was observed. Stratification of risk factors for stroke, systemic thromboembolism, as well as for bleeding when indicated for anticoagulant therapy was carried out. Based on the results, oral anticoagulants were indicated for 260 (78,8%) of participants, while only 38,8% received them before hospitalization.Conclusion. Among patients hospitalized in the cardiology department, 28,4% had AF. The most common was nonvalvular AF, associated mainly with coronary artery disease, essential hypertension and their combination. Anticoagulant therapy was indicated for 78,8% of patients, while only 38,8% received it before. This requires further optimization of management of AF patients

IQGAP-Related Rng2p Organizes Cortical Nodes and Ensures Position of Cell Division in Fission Yeast

SummaryCorrect positioning of the cell division machinery is crucial for genomic stability and cell fate determination. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, like animal cells, divides using an actomyosin ring and is an attractive model to study eukaryotic cytokinesis. In S. pombe, positioning of the actomyosin ring depends on the anillin-related protein Mid1p [1–3]. Mid1p arrives first at the medial cortex and recruits actomyosin ring components to node-like structures [4–7], although how this is achieved is unknown. Here we show that the IQGAP-related protein Rng2p, an essential component of the actomyosin ring [8, 9], is a key element downstream of Mid1p. Rng2p physically interacts with Mid1p and is required for the organization of other actomyosin ring components into cortical nodes. Failure of localization of Rng2p to the nodes prevents medial retention of Mid1p and leads to actomyosin ring assembly in a node-independent manner at nonmedial locations. We conclude that Mid1p recruits Rng2p to cortical nodes at the division site and that Rng2p, in turn, recruits other components of the actomyosin ring to cortical nodes, thereby ensuring correct placement of the division site