Parameter-Efficient Methods for Metastases Detection from Clinical Notes

Understanding the progression of cancer is crucial for defining treatments for patients. The objective of this study is to automate the detection of metastatic liver disease from free-style computed tomography (CT) radiology reports. Our research demonstrates that transferring knowledge using three approaches can improve model performance. First, we utilize generic language models (LMs), pretrained in a self-supervised manner. Second, we use a semi-supervised approach to train our model by automatically annotating a large unlabeled dataset; this approach substantially enhances the model's performance. Finally, we transfer knowledge from related tasks by designing a multi-task transfer learning methodology. We leverage the recent advancement of parameter-efficient LM adaptation strategies to improve performance and training efficiency. Our dataset consists of CT reports collected at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) over the course of 12 years. 2,641 reports were manually annotated by domain experts; among them, 841 reports have been annotated for the presence of liver metastases. Our best model achieved an F1-score of 73.8%, a precision of 84%, and a recall of 65.8%.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, The 36th Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligenc

Study of the Internal Anatomy of the Mandibular Incisor Teeth

Statement of Problem: Knowledge of internal anatomy of tooth plays an important role in a successful endodontics treatment. For a proper endodontic treatment, it is not only important to know the form of normal anatomy of tooth’s interior but one must also beacquainted with the possible diverse forms.Purpose: A thorough understanding of the internal anatomy of human mandibular incisors (central and lateral).Materials and Methods : A total of 205 central and lateral mandibular incisors that had healthy roots were selected and put in 10% formalin solution. After cleaning the samples with the help of brushes and other devices, they were kept in 5% sodium hypochloritesolution. Finally the roots were cleaned and the samples were prepared for next stages.Three methods were used, coloring (fushin1%, radiography (buccolingual and proximal sides), and cross-sectioning (cervical- middle-apical).Results: The result indicated that:- 88%of the teeth had a single canal and one apical foramen;- 8% of the teeth had a single canal and two apical foramena;- 3.5% of the teeth had two canals and one apical foramen;- 0.5% of the teeth had two canals and two apical foramena;Conclusion:A thorough understanding of the pulp morphology is essential for successful treatment of root canal. Therefore, a dentist should always be on the watch for the existence of two canals or a two-branched canal while working on the mandibular incisor teeth. it is essential to have the necessary precision in finding the second canal

Influence of Post Space Preparation on the Apical Leakage of Calamus, Single‐Cone and Cold Lateral Condensation Obturation Techniques: A Computerized Fluid Filtration Study

Purpose Apical microleakage between the root canal and periapical tissues is considered a common cause of endodontic failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical microleakage of various obturation techniques after immediate post space preparations with different drills. Materials and Methods One hundred twenty human single-rooted teeth were selected for this study. The coronal portions were removed to achieve a uniform length of 15 mm. All root canals were instrumented with ProTaper Next rotary files using crown-down technique. The 120 roots were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups according to obturation technique (n = 40). The root canals were obturated with lateral condensation in group 1, single-cone technique in group 2, and Calamus 3D obturation system in group 3. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 20) according to drill types (Gates Glidden and Peeso drills) leaving 5 mm of apical gutta-percha. The apical microleakage was measured using the computerized fluid filtration meter method. The results were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni Corrected Mann-Whitney U multiple comparison post hoc tests. Results There was no statistically significant difference between obturation techniques after post space preparation with Peeso drills (p > 0.05). In Gates Glidden drill groups, single-cone technique demonstrated higher leakage (0.0051 +/- 0.0037 mu l x min(-1) x cmH(2)O(-1)) than Calamus techniques (0.0019 +/- 0.0012 mu l x min(-1) x cmH(2)O(-1)) (p < 0.017). Conclusions Gates Glidden drills caused the highest apical leakage in teeth obturated with single-cone technique