Exports and Economic Growth

International Development, International Relations/Trade,

INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

We used unit root and cointegration techniques to determine the long run relationship between GDP and investment for 90 countries using data from World Bank for the period 1960-1992. In the first step of our analysis we found GDP and investment integrated of different orders for 33 countries. Second step of our analysis shows no cointegration between GDP and investment for 25 countries and cointegration for 25 countries with both variables of order I(1). The other 7 countries with both variables of order I(0) are in long run relation and do not need cointegration test. To determine the direction of causal effect between GDP and investment we used Granger causality test as the third step of our analysis. We found causality in the short run for 15 countries and in the long run for 23 countries. Bi-directional causality is found for 10, unidirectional causality from GDP to investment for 18 and from investment to GDP for 10 countries. The causality from GDP to investment is positive for 11 countries and from investment to GDP for 6 countries. Bi-directional causality is mostly positive between the two variables.International Development,

Flood Modeling on Koya Catchment Area Using Hyfran, Web Map Service, and HEC-RAS Software

In this research, The boundaries of the Koya catchment area have been delineated, and valley paths in the region were drawn by using the Water Modeling System (WMS) software, Analysis of the morphometric information indicated that the morphometric characteristics of watersheds contribute to the floods. The average surface runoff depth depends on the curve number values that are determined based on the types of soil cover and soil class according to Harmonized World Soil Database HWSD software that indicates the soil class in the study area are Group B silt loam,  The results obtained also show that the potential for surface runoff varies with land use and soil characteristics. Also, the value of the curve number (CN) was determined to be 71. The hydrological modeling was performed by the HEC-HMS program that simulates the process of rainfall to runoff using the SCS curve number model. A flood hydrograph was constructed at the catchment area outlet and the floodplain delineation was verified by the HEC-RAS software. The results indicated that the 100-year return period flood could Reach critical areas such as the urban area, agricultural area, residential areas. the results of this study indicate that there are suitable sites in the catchment areas for constructing small dams and ponds for water harvesting.&nbsp

Variation in brachial plexus formation, branching pattern and relation with major vessels

Background: Anatomical variations in the formation, branching pattern and relations of the brachial plexus have been described in humans by many authors; however these have not been extensively catalogued. The aim of the study was to describe variations in brachial plexus formation, branching pattern and relation with major vessels.Methods: This study included thorough dissection of 60 brachial plexuses which belonged to 30 cadavers (male: female ratio = 28:02 ) with age range of 20-60 years, obtained from the Department of Anatomy, College of Medical Sciences (CMS-TH), following standard guidelines. Results: Out of 60 limbs dissected in present study, the variation in formation was found in 20 limbs (33.3%), out of which 12 limbs (20%) had variations in the trunk and 8 limbs (13.3%) had variations in the cord, remaining 40 limbs (66.6%) were normal in the formation of brachial plexus. Normal branching pattern of the posterior cord was encountered in 52 (86.67%) limbs, the remaining 8 (13.33%) being variants in one form or the other. The upper subscapular nerve, the thoracodorsal nerve, the lower subscapular nerve and the axillary nerve were found to arise normally in 91.66%, 96.66%, 96.66% and 98.33% of the limbs respectively.Conclusion: The present study carried out on adult human cadavers revealed some rare variations in the formation, branching pattern and relations of the brachial plexus. These variations are of clinical significance for the surgeons, radiologists and the anesthesiologists.

Influence of sheep manure, vermicompost and biofertilizer on growth, yield and profitability of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) production

A field study on effect of various sources of organic manure (sheep manure and vermi compost) with and without biofertilizer (Azotobacter sp.) on performance of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) was conducted at Ajmer (Rajasthan) during rabi 2003, 2004 and 2005. Application of biofertilizer alone as well as in combination with sheep manure, vermicompost and recommended doses of fertilizer resulted in higher growth, yield attributes and yield over absolute control. The association of biofertilizers with all sources of nutrients proved beneficial and resulted in higher growth and yield. Application of recommended doses of fertilizer with seed inoculation by biofertilizer proved to be superior for realizing higher net return and benefit:cost ratio. &nbsp

Effect of irrigation, nutrient levels and crop geometry on growth and yield of dill (Anethum sowa L.)

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season at Ajmer (Rajasthan) to study the growth, profitability and productivity of dill (Anethum sowa L.) as influenced by irrigation and nutrient levels with varying crop geometry. Three irrigation levels (12, 15 and 18 days interval) in main plot, three nutrient levels (N and P2O5 each at 60 + 30, 90 + 40 and 120 + 50 kg ha-1, respectively) in sub plot and three crop geometry patterns (40 × 25 cm, 50 × 25 cm and 60 × 25 cm) in sub-sub plot were studied. The highest plant height at all the growth stages was recorded with irrigation at 12 days interval but higher branches plant-1, dry matter plant-1, yield attributes, seed yield, straw and biological yield of 1.2, 2.1 and 3.3 t ha-1 respectively, as well as net return (Rs.15,428 ha-1) and benefit : cost ratio (0.74) was recorded with irrigation at 15 days interval. Higher plant height, dry matter accumulation at all growth stages, yield attributes, seed yield (1.2 t ha-1), straw (2.1 t ha-1) and biological yield (3.3 t ha-1) as well a net return (Rs. 14,464/-) and benefit : cost ratio (0.69) were obtained with application of 90 kg N and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 being at par with 120 kg N and 50 kg P2O5 ha-1. Crop geometry of 50 × 25 cm resulted in higher seed (1.2 t ha-1), straw (2.1 t ha-1) and biological yield (3.3 t ha-1) over 60 × 25 cm. Thus, application of irrigation at 15 days interval with 90 kg N and 40 kg P2 O5 ha-1 at 50 × 25 cm crop geometry was optimum for realizing higher yield, profitability and productivity of dill. &nbsp

3D Indoor Instance Segmentation in an Open-World

Existing 3D instance segmentation methods typically assume that all semantic classes to be segmented would be available during training and only seen categories are segmented at inference. We argue that such a closed-world assumption is restrictive and explore for the first time 3D indoor instance segmentation in an open-world setting, where the model is allowed to distinguish a set of known classes as well as identify an unknown object as unknown and then later incrementally learning the semantic category of the unknown when the corresponding category labels are available. To this end, we introduce an open-world 3D indoor instance segmentation method, where an auto-labeling scheme is employed to produce pseudo-labels during training and induce separation to separate known and unknown category labels. We further improve the pseudo-labels quality at inference by adjusting the unknown class probability based on the objectness score distribution. We also introduce carefully curated open-world splits leveraging realistic scenarios based on inherent object distribution, region-based indoor scene exploration and randomness aspect of open-world classes. Extensive experiments reveal the efficacy of the proposed contributions leading to promising open-world 3D instance segmentation performance.Comment: Accepted at NeurIPS 202