Solow-Swan growth model and the fortunes of the commons

The traditional Solow-Swan growth framework has only one kind privately owned capital. Output saved in a period is transformed into privately owned capital through the saving channel. We add a fiscal channel that taxes output and transforms it into public goods subject to congestion. We show that under the standard conditions the steady state of the economy is determined by the interaction of these two channels and prosperity for a country is only attained if both channels work properly

Does Subsidising the Cost of Capital Really Help the Poorest? An Analysis of Saving Opportunities in Group-Lending

Saving opportunities can only be offered in group-lending by restricting the number of borrowers in a group, thus creating intra-group competition for loans. Our model predicts that this would lead to negative assortative matching along wealth lines (the wealthy would group with poorer individuals). We find that in a two member group, the borrower's wealth threshold for joining the group would be greater than the non-borrower's wealth threshold. The non-borrower's wealth threshold increases and the borrower's wealth threshold decreases with the cost of capital, thus widening the gap between the two thresholds. We thus highlight the two countervailing effects of subsidising the cost of capital, i.e., the trade-off between raising the wealth threshold for joining the group as a non-borrower and decreasing the expected time it would take to loosen the wealth deprived non-borrower's credit constraints

The Tale of two Crises in the Time of Covid-19

We document the challenges faced by a sub-district called Phulbari in Bangladesh during Covid-19 lockdown. We do so using a series of 24 interviews with a wide range of individuals conducted during May 2020. What emerges is a picture of an under-resourced local administra- tion trying their best to cope with the situation. The local administration’s efforts have been complemented by efforts of the civil society. While social distancing policies have potentially helped prevent a Covid-19 outbreak, it has created an economic crisis in its wake. We suggest some specific policy proposals that can help alleviate the economic crisis without risking an outbreak

Brownian dynamics simulation study of self-assembly of amphiphiles with large hydrophilic heads

We have studied the effect of shape of an amphiphilic molecule on micellization properties by carrying out stochastic molecular dynamics simulation on a bead-spring model of amphiphiles for several sizes of hydrophilic head group with a fixed hydrophobic tail length. Our studies show that the effect of geometry of an amphiphile on shape and cluster distribution of micelles is significant. We find the critical micelle concentration increases with the increasing size of the hydrophilic head. We demonstrate that the onset of micellization is accompanied by (i) a peak in the specific heat as found earlier in the simulation studies of lattice models, and (ii) a peak in the characteristic relaxation time of the cluster autocorrelation function. Amphiphiles with larger hydrophilic head form smaller micelles with sharper cluster distribution. Our studies are relevant to the controlled synthesis of nanostructures of desired shapes and sizes using self-assembling properties of amphiphiles

Effect of packing parameter on phase diagram of amphiphiles: An off-lattice Gibbs ensemble approach

We determine the phase diagram of several amphiphilic molecules as a function of the amphiphilic parameter alpha defined as the ratio of the volume of hydrophilic to hydrophobic segments using the Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo method supplemented by configurational bias scheme. Specifically, we study amphiphilic molecules h(1)t(7), h(2)t(6), and h(3)t(5), for which alpha=0.14, 0.33, and 0.60 respectively, and demonstrate that the former two exhibit phase separation while h(3)t(5) forms micelles, supporting the contention that alpha=0.5 is the border line for phase separation and micellization, as observed in previous lattice Monte Carlo studies [Panagiotopoulos , Langmuir 18, 2940 (2002)]. Further, we study the phase separation in amphiphilic molecules as a function of the packing parameter by varying the size of the hydrophilic head for each molecule. We find that a larger hydrophilic head lowers the critical temperature T(c), and raises the critical density rho(c)

Optimization of microwave assisted mechanical extraction of oil from canola seeds by using Response Surface Methodology

Present investigation was undertaken with the overall objective of optimizing the microwave assisted pressing parameters, i.e. microwave time, moisture content, heating temperature and heating time for increasing the oil recovery from canola seeds of GSC-6 variety.  Response surface methodology was adopted in the experimental design and Box Bhenken design of four variables was chosen.  The range of parameters for the experiments was microwave time (2-4 min), moisture content (5%-15%), heating temperature (60-1000℃) and heating time (4-6 min) and single chamber oil expeller was used for oil expelling.  The effect of independent variables, i.e. moisture content, microwave duration and heating temperature on oil yield and residual oil in cake were found significant, however, the effect of the heating time was found non-significant.  Microwave time, moisture content and heating temperature affected the acid value and the peroxide value of the oil.  Heating temperature affected the viscosity of the oil.

ROLE OF AGNIKARMA IN MANAGEMENT OF CALCENAL SPUR PAIN WITH PANCHADHATU SHALAKA

Shayla tantra is the branch of Ayurveda which deals with various treatment of various disease. Many human being in day today life suffers from pain in various diseases.gettingcured from these pain is the main aim of the patient .  Calcaneal spur is the disorder which cause very bad pain in the sole region and its management are fundamental to practice. Majority of the population suffer from heeling disorders because of many reasons such as use lifting high weight, Obesity, wearing high heel shoes. Mostly it is seen in the women.Calcaneal spur is the deposition of calcium, a bony protrusion on underside of heal bone. They are frequently associated with plantar fasciitis, a painful inflammation of fibrous band of connective tissue that run along the bottom of the foot and connect the heal bone to the ball of foot. It is somewhat painless in some people but in many people it is painful which affect the daily work of the people.Agnikarma is the karma described by Acharya Sushruta in their SushrutSamhita. According to Sushrutaagnikarma is the Shrestha karma which is useful in many diseases. The diseases which are not curable by kshar karma, medicine and many kalpas that diseases is treated by agnikarma. In day today life people want fast relief from their diseases and pain, agnikarma makes it possible to get rid from many diseases and pain. Many diseases like Piles, Fissure, Kadar etc.are treated by agnikarma

The Tethered Economy

Imagine a future in which every purchase decision is as complex as choosing a mobile phone. What will ongoing service cost? Is it compatible with other devices you use? Can you move data and applications across de- vices? Can you switch providers? These are just some of the questions one must consider when a product is “tethered” or persistently linked to the seller. The Internet of Things, but more broadly, consumer products with embedded software, are already tethered. While tethered products bring the benefits of connection, they also carry its pathologies. As sellers blend hardware and software—as well as product and service—tethers yoke the consumer to a continuous post-transaction rela- tionship with the seller. The consequences of that dynamic will be felt both at the level of individual consumer harms and on the scale of broader, economy- wide effects. These consumer and market-level harms, while distinct, reinforce and amplify one another in troubling ways. Seller contracts have long sought to shape consumers’ legal rights. But in a tethered environment, these rights may become nonexistent as legal processes are replaced with automated technological enforcement. In such an environment, the consumer-seller relationship becomes extractive, more akin to consumers captive in an amusement park than to a competitive marketplace in which many sellers strive to offer the best product for the lowest price. At the highest level, consumer protection law is concerned with promot- ing functioning free markets and insulating consumers from harms stemming from information asymmetries. We conclude by exploring legal options to re- duce the pathologies of the tethered economy

Physics Potential of a 2540 Km Baseline Superbeam Experiment

We study the physics potential of a neutrino superbeam experiment with a 2540 km baseline. We assume a neutrino beam similar to the NuMI beam in medium energy configuration. We consider a 100 kton totally active scintillator detector at a 7 mr off-axis location. We find that such a configuration has outstanding hierarchy discriminating capability. In conjunction with the data from the present reactor neutrino experiments, it can determine the neutrino mass hierarchy at 3 sigma level in less than 5 years, if sin^2(2*theta13) > 0.01, running in the neutrino mode alone. As a stand alone experiment, with a 5 year neutrino run and a 5 year anti-neutrino run, it can determine non-zero theta13 at 3 sigma level if sin^2(2*theta13) > 7*10^{-3} and hierarchy at 3 sigma level if sin^2(2*theta13) > 8*10^{-3}. This data can also distinguish deltaCP = pi/2 from the CP conserving values of 0 and pi, for sin^2(2*theta13) > 0.02.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures and 1 table: Published versio