Impacted third molar transplantation on the malpracticed extraction socket

Autotransplantation with or without endodontic therapy is regarded as an alternative treatment option for the replacement of missing teeth. A primary responsibility of a maxillofacial surgeon is to reverse any malpractice to promote successful outcomes and improve the patient’s quality of life. This paper presents a malpractice case of incorrect extraction of the lower second molar instead of the impacted third molar. A simple technique of transplanting the impacted third molar to the site of the extracted second molar is introduced by a maxillofacial specialist in Ghana. By making an intentional root socket and fixation without using additional appliances, a novel second molar was achieved with complete recovery. This patient was followed after transplant for a four-year period with the best satisfaction.Funding: A grant of the Korean Health Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea. (HI15C0689)Keywords: Autotransplantation, Endodontic treatment, Impacted third molar, Malpracticed extraction, Maxillofacial specialt

Quality of Care: Marketing of Trypanocides for the Control of Trypanosomiasis in the Coastal Savanna of Ghana

The rapid change in the privatization of veterinary services and social marketing of drugs have serious implications on the quality of care by the private sector in Ghana’s agricultural system, especially drug use, inrecent decades. The study explores the perception of 250 farmers over drug marketing to assess the level of drug quality, with particular reference to the treatment of cattle trypanosomiasis in the country and to investigate ways in which they could make better use of trypanosomiasis to control the disease. Specifically, the study seeks to identify constraints associated with trypanocides (e.g. Berenil® and Samorin®) services to assist in policyrecommendation. It anticipated a better understanding of how cattle farmers ranked the quality of veterinary drug services from drug-sellers using Likert Scale. The views on drug services were ranked as follows: excellent (5), good (4), fair (3), undecided (2) and poor (1). The findings showed that farmers judged drug “effectiveness of treatment” most leniently and on “regularity of follow up” most harshly among the 10 response categories. The average rating on “effectiveness” of rating was 4.21 ± 0.29 s.d. and 10 districts recorded an average score above 4.On the other hand, the average treatmeant on “regularity of follow-up” was 1.05 ± 0.05 s.d., with five districts recording 1. It was concluded that the perception of 250 farmers in the 11 districts over the drug use is similar. For the fact that farmers take the responsibility of treating livestock diseases themselves, there is the need to include them in training programmes and also in decision making and policy development on drug use. Training curriculum for drug sellers is a key factor and should include the implications involved in buying drugs from veterinary stores without prescriptions from the veterinary doctor. Further, drug sellers should also be trained on the implications of drug abuse (overdose and under dose)

La vida de los pescadores importa: cuestiones sociales en la migración de la pesca en pequeña escala de Ghana

Migration is a common feature of most small-scale fisheries (SSF) across the globe. To enhance fisheries resources sustainability and management, we examined the social issues in the SSF from the perspective of fishers, Chief Fishermen, and Fisheries Technical Officers who are actively involved in SSF migration and fisheries management along the coast of Ghana. We conducted in-depth interviews in six important migrant fishers’ communities and analysed documents on the socio-economic conditions of migrant fishers, conflicts among migrant fishers, rights of migrant fishers and the role of government in managing fishers’ migration. Findings showed that the successful integration of migrant fishers in the host communities resulted in minimal conflictual incidents that are resolved through dialogue. Furthermore, both the Fisheries Technical Officers and Chief Fishermen are involved in conflict resolution depending on the nature of the dispute. Also, most migrant fishers (over 50%) have the same rights as the local fishers, though they are marginalized during the distribution of premix fuel. Migrant fishers with prominent status played key role during decision-making process in the host communities. Overall, the study showed that migrant fishers have aided in the progress of fishing technology, food security, and small-scale business in the host fishing communities. To avert any form of marginalization during the distribution of premix fuel, it is prudent for authorities to develop relevant policies that will ensure that migrant fishers receive enough fuel for their fishing activities in the host communities.La migración es una característica común de la mayoría de las pesquerías de pequeña escala (PPE) en todo el mundo. Para mejorar la sostenibilidad y la gestión de los recursos pesqueros, se examinaron los problemas sociales en las PPE desde la perspectiva de los pescadores, los Jefes de Pescadores y los Oficiales Técnicos de Pesca que participan activamente en la migración y la gestión pesquera de las PPE a lo largo de la costa de Ghana. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad en seis importantes comunidades de pescadores migrantes y analizamos documentos sobre las condiciones socioeconómicas de los pescadores migrantes, los conflictos entre los pescadores migrantes, los derechos de los pescadores migrantes y el papel del gobierno en la gestión de la migración de los pescadores. Los hallazgos mostraron que la integración exitosa de los pescadores migrantes en las comunidades de acogida resultó en incidentes conflictivos mínimos que se resuelven a través del diálogo. Además, tanto los Oficiales Técnicos de Pesca como los Jefes de Pescadores están involucrados en la resolución de conflictos, dependiendo de la naturaleza de la disputa. Además, la mayoría de los pescadores migrantes (más de 50%) tienen los mismos derechos que los pescadores locales, aunque son marginados durante la distribución de la premezcla de combustible. Los pescadores migrantes con un estatus destacado desempeñaron un papel clave durante el proceso de toma de decisiones en las comunidades de acogida. En general, el estudio mostró que los pescadores migrantes han ayudado en el progreso de la tecnología pesquera, la seguridad alimentaria y los negocios a pequeña escala en las comunidades pesqueras anfitrionas. Para evitar cualquier forma de marginación durante la distribución de combustible de premezcla, es prudente que las autoridades desarrollen políticas inteligentes que aseguren que los pescadores migrantes reciban suficiente combustible para sus actividades pesqueras en las comunidades de acogida