The spin dependence of high energy proton scattering

Motivated by the need for an absolute polarimeter to determine the beam polarization for the forthcoming RHIC spin program, we study the spin dependence of the proton-proton elastic scattering amplitudes at high energy and small momentum transfer.We examine experimental evidence for the existence of an asymptotic part of the helicity-flip amplitude phi_5 which is not negligible relative to the largely imaginary average non-flip amplitude phi_+. We discuss theoretical estimates of r_5, essentially the ratio of phi_5 to phi_+, based upon extrapolation of low and medium energy Regge phenomenological results to high energies, models based on a hybrid of perturbative QCD and non-relativistic quark models, and models based on eikonalization techniques. We also apply the model-independent methods of analyticity and unitarity.The preponderence of evidence at available energy indicates that r_5 is small, probably less than 10%. The best available experimental limit comes from Fermilab E704:those data indicate that |r_5|<15%. These bounds are important because rigorous methods allow much larger values. In contradiction to a widely-held prejudice that r_5 decreases with energy, general principles allow it to grow as fast as ln(s) asymptotically, and some models show an even faster growth in the RHIC range. One needs a more precise measurement of r_5 or to bound it to be smaller than 5% in order to use the classical Coulomb-nuclear interference technique for RHIC polarimetry. As part of this study, we demonstrate the surprising result that proton-proton elastic scattering is self-analysing, in the sense that all the helicity amplitudes can, in principle, be determined experimentally at small momentum transfer without a knowledge of the magnitude of the beam and target polarization

Instantons and the infrared behavior of the fermion propagator in the Schwinger Model

Fermion propagator of the Schwinger Model is revisited from the point of view of its infrared behavior. The values of anomalous dimensions are found in arbitrary covariant gauge and in all contributing instanton sectors. In the case of a gauge invariant, but path dependent propagator, the exponential dependence, instead of power law one, is established for the special case when the path is a straight line. The leading behavior is almost identical in any sector, differing only by the slowly varying, algebraic prefactors. The other kind of the gauge invariant function, which is the amplitude of the dressed Dirac fermions, may be reduced, by the appropriate choice of the dressing, to the gauge variant one, if Landau gauge is imposed.Comment: 9 pages, in REVTE

Kredyty dla rolnictwa w bankach spółdzielczych województwa podlaskiego

Subject and purpose of work: Running an agricultural activity requires acquiring funds necessary for its functioning and proper development. The most classic examples of financing agricultural activity include all kinds of bank loans used by farmers for the purchase of agricultural land, construction and modernization of buildings, the purchase of machinery and equipment, as well as the establishment of perennial plantations or the purchase of a herd. The aim of the study is to present the possibilities of financing agricultural activity by cooperative banks in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Materials and methods: The study used the method of observation and analysis of banking materials. The source of information was the data of cooperative banks, the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture and the Central Statistical Office. Results: Over the centuries, cooperative banks have developed techniques, methods and practices in the field of agricultural lending. They have somehow specialized in this area and offer farmers a full range of commercial loans. They have also actively participated in the redistribution of funds under the implementation of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. for many years. Currently operating farms have access to many forms of financing (the most developed and available in banks, however, are loans) depending on their financial needs or planned investments. Conclusions: Among many forms of foreign capital in agriculture, it is preferential loans that play a significant role as a stimulus to improve farm activities. Granting loans by cooperative banks is one of the basic tasks in their operations. Bank loans play an important role in changes taking place in agriculture. They generally do not violate the principles of market economy and financing rules, provided that the financial and credit policy takes into account the needs and limitations resulting from the current and forecast economic situation of farms

Zawartość pierwiastków śladowych w glebach wybranych lasów miasta Krakowa

The aim of the paper was to evaluate the total content of cadmium, lead and chromium in the humus horizons of the forest and turf soils, rendzinas and mucky soils, located in the city of Krakow. In the examined soils; rendzinas and mucky soil, located in the south-western part of Krakow, the accumulation of these elements did not exceed limits considered as harmful. In the humus horizons of the examinated soils the anthropogenic accumulation of Cd and Pb which was estimated and confirmed by the calculated coefficient of accumulation. The accumulation coefficient was highier for mucky soils than for rendzinas.Celem przedstawionych badań było określenie całkowitej zawartości kadmu, ołowiu i chromu w poziomach próchnicznych gleb leśnych i zadarnionych; rędzin i gleb murszowatych położonych na terenie miasta Krakowa. Badane gleby położone w południowo-zachodniej części miasta Krakowa zaliczono do obszarów, gdzie koncentracja wybranych pierwiastków śladowych nie przekraczała norm uważanych za szkodliwe. W poziomach próchnicznych badanych gleb stwierdzono antropogenne nagromadzenie Cd i Pb co potwierdziły obliczone współczynniki wzbogacenia, które były większe dla gleb murszowatych niż rędzin

Salivary glands dysfunction and oral manifestations in diabetes and obesity - review

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders of multiple etiologies characterized by hyperglycemia. In 2014 it affected approximately 422 million individuals worldwide. Unfortunately, it is associated with a set of co-morbidities that contribute to a significantly reduced, i.e. 5-10 years, life expectancy. The following review will discuss the most common long-term complications of diabetes. For practical reasons we decided to narrow our interests to its very widespread, even 90-95% of the cases, form - type 2 diabetes mellitus. During the discussion particular emphasis will be placed on the salivary glands function since previous investigation has confirmed its relation to many burdensome oral diseases, while the effective medical care over diabetic patients requires better understanding of pathomechanisms of its (i.e. diabetic) oral manifestations