Selected Parameters of Nutritional and Pro-Health Value in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Muscle Tissue

This study analysed the effect of the type of production on the nutritional and health value of common carp muscle tissue, especially lipid-related indexes. The muscle tissue of common carps originating from three types of fish farms with different technological levels (i.e., intensive, low-intensive, and semiextensive) was studied. The type of production technology, especially the intensive breeding technique, has been shown to have a significant effect on dry weight, total protein, and total fat content in the common carp muscle tissue under study. The muscles of fish originating from these farms were characterised by the highest values of the mentioned indicators, which amounted to 24.6%, 18.74%, and 1.58%, respectively, for dry matter, protein content, and total fat content. The type of feed used in intensive, low-intensive, and semiextensive common carp breeding has been proven to have a highly significant effect on the fatty acid profile. As regards unsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids were dominant in all cases. The muscle tissue of fish cultured in farms with a semiextensive technological level was characterised by the highest content of unsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids was, in this case, the most favourable. Dietary indices of atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) were studied as well. In all analysed cases, the values of these indices were very favourable and several times lower than for other animal fats

Obecność szczawianów w proszku kakaowym z plantacji ekologicznych i konwencjonalnych

The objective of this study was to assess the content of oxalates in the samples of cocoa powder available on Polish market, obtained from the cocoa beans from organic and conventional farms. The cocoa is an important food product, which is used for immediate consumption as well as for chocolate production. It is also used in confectionery. The cocoa is of high sensory and nutritional value. However, it also contains antinutrients, including oxalates. It was hypothesised that cocoa beans from conventional cultivation contain more oxalates. The study is aimed to describe cocoa as a commodity product and discuss the presence of oxalates in food products as well as their toxicological aspects. The contents of soluble oxalates in cocoa powder with regard to the method of cocoa farming have been presented therein. The oxalates content in cocoa obtained from organic beans ranged from 322±10 to 1173.52 ± 21.28 mg/100g and from 727.5 ± 53.03 to 1477.5 ± 31.82 mg/100g in cocoa beans from a conventional farm. The statistical analysis showed that the method of farming significantly influenced the content of oxalates.Celem pracy była ocena zawartości rozpuszczalnych szczawianów w próbkach proszku kakaowego dostępnego na polskim rynku pochodzącego z ziarna kakaowego z plantacji ekologicznych i konwencjonalnych. Kakao jest ważnym produktem spożywczym, który służy do bezpośredniego spożycia, jak również jest składnikiem do produkcji czekolady oraz wykorzystywania w cukiernictwie. Jest to produkt atrakcyjny sensorycznie o wysokich walorach odżywczych. Trzeba jednak pamiętać, że zawiera on również związki antyodżywcze, do których należą szczawiany. Postawiono hipotezę iż ziarno kakaowe z konwencjonalnego systemu uprawy zawiera więcej szczawianów. W pracy dokonano charakterystyki towaroznawczej kakao i omówiono występowanie szczawianów w żywności oraz ich toksykologiczne aspekty. Zaprezentowano wyniki zawartości szczawianów rozpuszczalnych w proszku kakaowym w zależności od sposobu uprawy. Kakao z ziarna organicznego zawierało od 322±10 do 1173.52 ± 21.28 mg/100g, a kakao z ziarna konwencjonalnego od 727.5 ± 53.03 do 1477.5 ± 31.82 mg/100g szczawianów. Analiza statystyczna wykazała, że na zawartość szczawianów wpływał w sposób istotny sposób uprawy