Multi-Class Antibiotic Residue Screening of Chicken Muscle by LC-MS/MS

Bu çalışmada, tavuk eti örneklerinde florokinolon (n=10), tetrasiklin (n=4), makrolid (n=3),sülfonamid (n=7), penisilin (n=7), sefalosporin (n=3), amfenikol (n=2) ve trimetoprim (n=1)gruplarını içeren antibiyotik kalıntılarının (n=37) varlığı araştırıldı. Hatay, Adana, Gaziantep, Mersinve Osmaniye illerinde farklı yerel satış noktalarından toplanan örneklerde (göğüs eti, n=25) seçilenantibiyotiklerin konsantrasyon analizleri LC-MS/MS ile gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmada, test edilennumunelerde tespit edilebilir bir antibiyotik kalıntı konsantrasyonu saptanmadı. İlaveten, hayvansalgıdalardaki çoklu antibiyotik kalıntılarının belirlenmesinde LC-MS/MS yönteminin yararlılığı, bualandaki mevcut bilgileri destekleyici olarak gösterildi. Sonuç olarak, tavuk eti tüketiminin seçilenantibiyotik kalıntıları açısından halk sağlığı için herhangi bir risk oluşturmadığı söylenebilir.This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic residues (n=37) including fluoroquinolone (n=10), tetracycline (n=4), macrolide (n=3), sulphonamide (n=7), penicillin (n=7), cephalosporin (n=3), amphenicol (n=2) and trimethoprim (n=1) groups in chicken meat samples. Concentration of selected antibiotics in samples (breast meat, n=25), which were collected from different local markets in Hatay, Adana, Gaziantep, Mersin and Osmaniye provinces, were determined by LC-MS/MS. In the current study, no detectable concentration of antibiotic residues was found in the tested samples. In addition, the usefulness of LC-MS/MS method to identify multi antibiotic residues in foods of animal origin has been also proven to support the existing knowledge in this area. Finally, it is reasonable to assume that chicken meat consumption poses no risk for public health in terms of selected antibiotic residues

Investigation of The Effectiveness of Some Plant Compounds and Essential Oils of Corymbia Citriodora Against Foodborne Pathogens

The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of plant derived compounds and essential oils of Corymbia citriodora against selected Gram negative and Gram positive foodborne pathogens in broth dilution assay. The combination of compounds (cineole, terpinen-4-ol and α-terpineol; CTαT) were further tested at three different concentrations (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8%) for the killing effect against E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes in milk including whole fat and skim fat. CTαT showed antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested at minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) from 0.125% to 1% in broth dilution assay. Linalool was also found to be antimicrobial at MICs between 0.25% and 2%, but not for Enterococcus casseliflavus. Further study carried out in milk showed that CTαT at concentrations of 0.4% and 0.8% significantly reduced the population of E. coli O157:H7 under detection limit in skim milk, whereas it was only effective at 0.8% in whole fat milk. CTαT, on the other hand, shown to be less active towards L. monocytogenes as only significant effect was observed at 0.8% in skim milk. Taken together results of the present study indicate that plant derived compounds could be valuable alternatives to inactivate foodborne pathogens in milk

Occurrence and health risk assessment of aflatoxins and ochratoxin a in Surk, a Turkish dairy food, as studied by HPLC

The concentration of aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in Surk cheese samples was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD) system, for which the analytical method was validated according to the guidelines issued by European Commission (EC). Additionally, cancer related health risk via dietary intake of Surk was assessed by calculating estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard index (HI) for aflatoxin M-1 (AFM(1)), and Margin of Exposure (MoE) for aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) and Provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) for OTA. OTA was the most frequently detected toxin that was presented in 28 samples with concentration ranging from 0.058 to 5.04 mu g kg(-1)53.3% of samples contained AFM(1) at levels > LOQ of 0.07 mu g kg(-1), of which none exceeded the permissible maximum limits (0.5 mu g kg(-1)) established by Turkish legislation. Surk samples were found to contain AFB(1) at mean concentration of 0.610 mu g kg(-1). The range of concentrations of AFs and OTA in Surk observed in the current study was found to be below the official Turkish standard determined for various foodstuffs. However, HI from consuming Surk was found to be 1.02 mu g kg(-1) bw for AFM(1), and MoE value for AFB(1) was found to be 2982 which clearly indicates health risk AFM(1) and AFB(1) to Surk consumers. However. OTA contamination level was found to be low to produce health hazards according to PTWI value. According to health risk assessment of this study presents the first data about occurrence of AFs and OTA in Surk, yet data should be updated based on seasonal monitoring and consumption habits of both adults and infants. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Mustafa Kemal University Scientific Research FundMustafa Kemal University [BAP-12780]This study was supported by Mustafa Kemal University Scientific Research Fund (Project Number: BAP-12780)

Determination of selected antibiotics in farmed fish species using LC-MS/MS

The aim of the study was to monitor the occurrence of 37 antibiotics from different classes including fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, macrolide, sulphonamide, penicillin, amphenicol and cephalosporin in three different farmed fish species (n=75; rainbow trout, see bass, gilthead see bream) from five cities in Turkey. A method for LC-MS/MS was optimized and validated to assess these antibiotics. As a result, 25 samples showed contamination with at least one antibiotic residue. The most detected antibiotics were norfloxacin (NOR) (18.7%), marbofloxacin (MAR) (12%), tetracycline (TC) (10.7), danofloxacin (DAN) (9.3%), oxytetracycline (OTC) (9.3%), tilmicosin (TLM) (8%) and enrofloxacin (ENR) (6.7%). A total of 17.3% of samples examined were found to be contaminated with residues exceeding the maximum residue limits (MRLs). The results indicate that antibiotics are frequently used in aquaculture production without the lack of knowledge. This study also revealed that the consumption of farmed fish could produce a public health concern as the level of residues for some antibiotics was much higher than MRLs.Mustafa Kemal UniversityMustafa Kemal University [BAP-10501]The authors are indebted to Adem SARIGOZ (Food Analysis Laboratory, Hatay) for technical help on the LC-MS/MS and to Prof. Dr. Errol HASSAN (University of Queensland, Australia) for valuable comments. This work was financially supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination of Mustafa Kemal University (BAP-10501)