Recycling of Red Mud as a Building Material via a Stabilization/Solidification Method

This study examines stabilization/solidification techniques for red mud/cement systems that involve the production of construction products while minimizing contamination and recycling the red mud. In these techniques, the polluted components of red mud are fixed in a cement body via adsorption and confinement mechanisms and thus, the possible impact of these pollutants on the environment is minimized. In the first step of this study, the physical, chemical, radioactive and mineralogical properties of the material used were determined. Second, red mud was used to replace portland cement in the following proportions: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50 % of portland cement by weight. Finally, the usability of red mud as a construction product and the environmental effects of such usage were determined.TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [108Y233]This paper was developed under the support of the project TUBITAK, 108Y233. The investigation of the use of building materials with the aim of disposing of different ash and mud samples

First Aid Knowledge of Nursing Students in Epileptic Cases

Amaç Epilepsi, çocukluk ve ergenlik çağında en sık görülen nörolojik bir hastalıktır. Epileptik nöbetlerde doğru yapılan ilk yardım uygulamaları hayat kurtarıcı olmakta birlikte oluşabilecek yaralanmaları engellemektedir. Araştırma, üniversite öğrencilerinin epilepsideki ilk yardım uygulamalarını incelemek amacı ile tanımlayıcı olarak yapıldı. Materyal ve Metot Araştırma Nisan 2014 – Mayıs 2014 tarihleri arasında, bir vakıf ve bir devlet üniversitesinde gerçekleştirildi. Evrenini iki üniversitede okuyan 1022 öğrenci, örneklemi ise çalışmanın yapıldığı günlerde okula devam eden ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 629 öğrenci oluşturdu. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan 17 soruluk soru formu kullanılarak toplandı. Verilerin analizi bilgisayar ortamında yüzdelik değerlendirme yöntemi ve ki-kare testi kullanılarak yapıldı. Bulgular Çalışmamızda öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 21.2 ± 2.3 (18-33) idi. Öğrencilerin %80.9 (n=509)’unun kız olduğu, %3.,1(n=202)’inin 1. sınıfta okuduğu, %94.8 (596)’inin acil durumlarda aranması gereken numarayı bildiği, %64.4(n=405)’ünün üniversitede ilkyardım dersi aldığı, %43.9 (n=276)’unun ilkyardım eğitimini sürücü kurslarında ya da başka eğitim merkezlerinde aldığı belirlendi. Epilepside yapılacak olan ilkyardım girişimleri ile ilgili bilgi sorularında 2,3,4. sınıftaki öğrencilerin, 1. sınıfta okuyanlara öğrencilere göre doğru cevap verdikleri saptandı. Daha önce herhangi bir ilkyardım eğitimi alma ile ilkyardım yaklaşımı ilişkisine baktığımızda ise eğitim alanların almayanlara göre kısmen daha doğru bildikleri belirlendi. Sonuç İlkyardım dersi alan öğrencilerin almayanlara göre epilepside uygulanacak ilkyardım girişimlerini daha doğru bildikleri belirlendi. Gerek bölümlerde ilk yardım derslerinin okutulmaya başlanması, gerekse farklı merkezlerden ilkyardım eğitimin alınması ile bilgilerin bireylere doğru bir şekilde aktarılacağı ve toplumdaki ilkyardım bilgisinin artacağı düşünülmektedir.Aim Epilepsy is the common neurologic disease that can be seen in both early childhood period and puberty generally. A correct emergency management is vital in an epileptic seizure in terms of preventing mortality and possible physical traumas. This study is conducted in order to assess the knowledge levels of nursing students about emergency management of epileptic seizure. Materials and Methods The research is conducted on students of a foundation university and a public university between April 2014 and May 2014. Study population was consisting 1022 students of two universities whereas the study sample was consisting 629 students who approved to include in the study. Data were collected via a questionnaire consisting 17 questions which had been prepared by the researchers. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 21.0 package program. Pearson chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used in comparison of categorical data. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant with a confidence interval of 95%. Results Mean age was calculated as 21. 2 ± 2.3 (18-33). 80.9% (n: 509) was female and 32.1% (n: 202) was educating in 1st grade. 94.8% (n: 596) gave the correct answer for the emergency telephone number. 64.4% had an emergency management education during the university education period and 43.9% (n: 276) had emergency management education during driving license education or other education programs. Correct answer rates of 2nd, 3rd and 4th grade students about emergency management in epileptic seizure were significantly higher compared to 1st grade students. Students who received a prior emergency management education had considerable higher correct answer rates. Conclusion Students with a prior emergency management education had higher correct answer rate about emergency management in epileptic seizure. We can assert that including the emergency management lessons in education program of other disciplines may be in benefit of increasing the knowledge level of community

First Aid Knowledge of Nursing Students in Epileptic Cases

AimEpilepsy is the common neurologic disease that can be seen in both early childhood period and puberty generally. A correct emergency management is vital in an epileptic seizure in terms of preventing mortality and possible physical traumas. This study is conducted in order to assess the knowledge levels of nursing students about emergency management of epileptic seizure.Materials and MethodsThe research is conducted on students of a foundation university and a public university between April 2014 and May 2014. Study population was consisting 1022 students of two universities whereas the study sample was consisting 629 students who approved to include in the study. Data were collected via a questionnaire consisting 17 questions which had been prepared by the researchers. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 21.0 package program. Pearson chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used in comparison of categorical data. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant with a confidence interval of 95%.ResultsMean age was calculated as 21. 2 ± 2.3 (18-33). 80.9% (n: 509) was female and 32.1% (n: 202) was educating in 1st grade. 94.8% (n: 596) gave the correct answer for the emergency telephone number. 64.4% had an emergency management education during the university education period and 43.9% (n: 276) had emergency management education during driving license education or other education programs. Correct answer rates of 2nd, 3rd and 4th grade students about emergency management in epileptic seizure were significantly higher compared to 1st grade students. Students who received a prior emergency management education had considerable higher correct answer rates.ConclusionStudents with a prior emergency management education had higher correct answer rate about emergency management in epileptic seizure. We can assert that including the emergency management lessons in education program of other disciplines may be in benefit of increasing the knowledge level of community

Comparison of body compositions between Medical School students and physical education and Sports School students by using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (bia) method

Amaç: Bioelektrik impedans analizi (BIA) yöntemini kullanarak düzenli egzersiz yapan ve yapmayan ögrencilerde vücut kompozisyonlarını karsılastırmaktır. Yöntem: Tıp Fakültesi ve Spor Yüksek Okulundan yasları 19-29 arasında olan toplam 73 ögrenci, el ayak BIA yöntemi ile vücut kompozisyonları açısından karsılastırıldı. Örneklemde, düzenli egzersiz yapanlar, herhangi bir sporu, haftada üç gün ve minimum 6 saat olmak kaydıyla en az iki yıl süreyle yapan ögrencilerden; düzenli egzersiz yapmayanlar ise son iki yıldır hiçbir sporu düzenli olarak yapmayanlar arasından seçildi. Normalde cinsler arasında toplam vücut suyu (TVS), vücut yag oranı (VYO) ve yag dısı kitle (YDK) yönünden farklılık oldugu için her iki cins kendi grupları içinde egzersiz yapıp yapmama yönünden karsılastırıldı. Gruplar arası karsılastırma için SPSS 10.0 programında Mann-WhitneyUtesti kullanıldı. Bulgular: Düzenli egzersiz yapan ve yapmayan bireyler karsılastırıldıgında her iki cinste deVYO,TVS,YDKve onun bilesenleri olan hücre dısı sıvı (HDS) ve hücre içi sıvı (HIS) hacimleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar oldugu görüldü. Sonuç: Yag kitlesini azaltma ve yag dısı kitleyi arttırmada diyet ve egzersiz birlikte yapılması gerekirken vücut sıvılarının korunmasında ise egzersiz tek basına yeterli olabilir.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare body compositions in students who exercised regularly and students who did not exercise by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Material and Methods: 73 medical students and students of a physical education and sports school aged between 19-29 years were compared in terms of body composition by using hand to foot bioelectric impedance analyzer (BIA). The regularly exercising group was confirmed from students who were engaged in any type of sport at least three days (minimum of six hours) a week for last two years. The non-exercising group consisted of the students who did not do any sports regularly in the last two years. Since there were no significant differences normally between the sexes in terms of the total body water (TBW), body fat (BF), fat free mass (FFM), both sexes were compared in terms of exercising and non-exercising in their own group. For the statistical analysis, Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the groups in SPSS 10.0 program. P <0.05 was considered as statistically signicant. Results: When regularly exercising and nonexercising groups were compared, significant differences were observed in BF, TBW, FFM and extracellular water (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) which are components of FFM in both sexes. Conclusion: While it is necessary that diet and exercise should be done simultaneously to increase FFM and decrease BF, exercise alone could be enough in the maintenance of body fluids

Anxiety State of Mothers Whose Children are Having Chemotherapy Treatment

Amaç Araştırma, 3–12 yaş arası kemoterapi gören çocukların annelerinin kaygı düzeylerini belirlemek amacı ile yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem Araştırma Şubat-Nisan 2009 tarihleri arasında İstanbul il sınırları içerisinde bulunan, bir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi ve bir Kadın Doğum ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde gerekli izinler alınarak tanımlayıcı olarak gerçekleştirildi. Evreni, araştırmanın yapıldığı hastanelerin servis ve polikliniğine gelen kemoterapi gören çocukların anneleri, örneklemi ise bu tarihler arasında araştırmanın yapıldığı hastanelere başvuran ve araştırmayı kabul eden 80 anne oluşturdu. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan 25 soruluk anket formu ve Beck Kaygı ölçeği kullanılarak toplandı. Verilerin analizi bilgisayar ortamında yüzdelik değerlendirme yöntemi ve ki-kare testi kullanılarak yapıldı. Bulgular Çalışmamızda annelerin yaş ortalaması 33.32±7.5 olarak belirlendi. Kemoterapi gören çocukların annelerinin kaygı düzeylerinin % 51.3’nün orta derecede olduğu görüldü. Ailenin gelir düzeyi arttıkça annelerin yaşadığı kaygı belirtilerinin azaldığı saptandı (p<0.05). Çocukta kemoterapiye bağlı görülen yan etkilerden bulantı ve kusma (p<0.05) ile ishal ve kabızlığın (p<0.05), annenin kaygı düzeyini orta derecede etkilediği belirlendi. Psikolojik destek alan çocukların annelerinin de kaygı düzeyinde azalma olduğu saptandı (p<0.05). Sonuç Ailenin gelir düzeyinin, annenin yaşadığı kaygı düzeyi üzerinde etkisi olduğu, gelir düzeyi arttıkça annelerin yaşadığı kaygı belirtilerinin azaldığı, çocukların psikolojik destek almasının da annenin kaygı düzeyini azalttığı tespit edildi. Kemoterapi tedavisi gören çocuklara ve annelere psikolojik destek sağlanması ile, hem çocuğun hem de annenin tedavi sürecini daha rahat geçireceği ve annenin kaygı düzeyinin azaltılabileceği düşünülmektedir.Aim This study was conducted for the purpose of defining anxiety state of mothers whose children between 3-12 years old who had chemotherapy treatment. Materials and Methods The research was conducted as a definer within Istanbul borders in an Education & Research Hospital and a Gynaecology & Pediatrics Education Research Hospital by receiving related permissions between February-April 2009. The universe included the mothers of children who had chemotherapy in the hospital where the research was conducted. The sample included 80 mothers who applied to the hospitals and accepted the research within related dates. The datas were collected with a survey had 25 questions and Beck Anxiety Scale by researchers. Analysis of the datas was performed on computer environment by using Percentage Evaluation Test and Chi Square Test. Results In our study, it was defined that the mothers’ average of age was 33.32 ±7.5. It was seen that anxiety level of mothers whose children having chemotherapy was 51.3 % and reasonable. It was determined that when level of income increased the mothers’ anxiety decreased (p<0.05). It was found that nausea and vomiting ( p<0.05), diarrhea and constipation (p<0.05) which are side-effects of chemotherapy affected mothers’ anxiety reasonably. It was also determined that the anxiety level of mothers whose children took psychological support decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion It was determined that level of income of the family had an effect on the anxiety, when the level of income increased the indication of anxiety decreased and taking psychological support of children made the anxiety level decreased. It is thought that providing psychological support to the children having chemotherapy treatment and their mother makes treatment process easier for both the children and the mothers and decreases mothers’ anxiety as well

Anxiety State of Mothers Whose Children are Having Chemotherapy Treatment

AimThis study was conducted for the purpose of defining anxiety state of mothers whose children between 3-12 years old who had chemotherapy treatment.Materials and MethodsThe research was conducted as a definer within Istanbul borders in an Education & Research Hospital and a Gynaecology & Pediatrics Education Research Hospital by receiving related permissions between February-April 2009. The universe included the mothers of children who had chemotherapy in the hospital where the research was conducted. The sample included 80 mothers who applied to the hospitals and accepted the research within related dates. The datas were collected with a survey had 25 questions and Beck Anxiety Scale by researchers. Analysis of the datas was performed on computer environment by using Percentage Evaluation Test and Chi Square Test.ResultsIn our study, it was defined that the mothers’ average of age was 33.32 ±7.5. It was seen that anxiety level of mothers whose children having chemotherapy was 51.3 % and reasonable. It was determined that when level of income increased the mothers’ anxiety decreased (p<0.05). It was found that nausea and vomiting ( p<0.05), diarrhea and constipation (p<0.05) which are side-effects of chemotherapy affected mothers’ anxiety reasonably. It was also determined that the anxiety level of mothers whose children took psychological support decreased (p<0.05).ConclusionIt was determined that level of income of the family had an effect on the anxiety, when the level of income increased the indication of anxiety decreased and taking psychological support of children made the anxiety level decreased. It is thought that providing psychological support to the children having chemotherapy treatment and their mother makes treatment process easier for both the children and the mothers and decreases mothers’ anxiety as well

The effects of team, position and pkysical feature factors on body composition in professional and amateur soccer players

Profesyonel ve amatör futbolcularda takım, mevki ve fiziksel yapı faktörlerinin vücut kompozisyonu üzerine etkilerinin antropometri ve biyoelektriksel impedans analiz (BIA) yöntemleri ile degerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıstır. Aydın ilindeki iki amatör (A , A ) ve bir profesyonel ikinci lig (P) futbol takımında oynayan toplam 56 futbolcuda boy, kilo, vücut yagı (VY), yag dısı kitle (YDK), toplam vücut suyu (TVS), vücut kitle indeksi (VKI) ölçümleriyle çesitli bölgelere ait deri kıvrımkalınlıkları ve çevre ölçümleri yapıldı. Boy, kilo ölçümleri “Seca” marka boy ve kilo ölçer; VY, YDK ve TVS ölçümleri biyoelektriksel impedans analizi (BIA) 101 cihazı; deri kalınlıkları “Harpenden” marka kaliper; çevre ölçümleriyse esnemeyen mezür kullanılarak yapıldı. Ölçümler aynı kisiler tarafından ikiser defa yapıldı ve ortalaması alındı. Verilerin analizi SAS istatistik programı kullanılarak gerçeklestirildi. Arastırmaya katılan üç takımdaki 56 futbolcunun (18A , 21A ve 17P) 15'i forvet; 8'i kaleci; 22'si orta saha; 11'i ise defans mevkiinde oynamaktaydı. Istatistiksel modelde etkisi yüksek olan faktörler; takım, mevki ve fiziksel yapıydı (boy, agırlık). Takım faktörü antropometrik ölçümler üzerinde etkiliyken mevki faktörü BIA ölçümleri üzerine daha etkiliydi. Fiziksel yapı faktörüyse her iki yöntemle ölçülen özelliklerle dogrusal iliski göstermekteydi. Futbolda takım, mevki ve fiziksel yapı faktörlerinin futbolcuların vücut kompozisyon degerleri üzerine etkisi vardır.It was aimed to evaluate the effects of team, position and physical feature factors on body composition in professional and amateur soccer players via anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) methods. Atotal of 56 football players in two amateur (A1 andA2) and a second division professional soccer teams (P) in …..City were assessed for height, weight, body fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW) and body mass index (BMI). In addition skin fold thickness of different regions and perimeters were measured. The weight-height, skinfold thicknesses, BIA parameters and circumferences were measured using a digital scale and a stadiometer mounted to the scale, Harpenden Skinfold Caliper, BIA101 instrument and inflexible tape measure respectively. Data were analyzed inSASstatistics program. : 56 soccer players (18A , 21A and 17P) were consist of 15 forward, 8 goalkeeper, 22 midfielder and 11 defender. The most effective factors in the statistical model were team, position and physical characteristics. While team factor was effective in anthropometric measurements, position factor was effective on BIA measurements. Physical characteristics had a correlation with the parameters measured by both methods. : The factors of team, position and physical features have the effects in some body composition parameter

Single-center experience with routine clinical use of 3D technologies in surgical planning for pediatric patients with complex congenital heart disease

PURPOSEThis study was planned to assess the application of three-dimensional (3D) cardiac modeling in preoperative evaluation for complex congenital heart surgeries.METHODSFrom July 2015 to September 2019, 18 children diagnosed with complex congenital heart diseases (CHDs) were enrolled in this study (double outlet right ventricle in nine patients, complex types of transposition of the great arteries in six patients, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries in two patients, and univentricular heart in one patient). The patients’ age ranged from 7 months to 19 years (median age, 14 months). Before the operation, 3D patient-specific cardiac models were created based on computed tomography (CT) data. Using each patient’s data, a virtual computer model (3D mesh) and stereolithographic (SLA) file that would be printed as a 3D model were generated. These 3D cardiac models were used to gather additional data about cardiac anatomy for presurgical decision-making.RESULTSAll 18 patients successfully underwent surgeries, and there were no mortalities. The 3D patient-specific cardiac models led to a change from the initial surgical plans in 6 of 18 cases (33%), and biventricular repair was considered feasible. Moreover, the models helped to modify the planned biventricular repair in five cases, for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction removal and ventricular septal defect enlargement. 3D cardiac models enable pediatric cardiologists to better understand the spatial relationships between the ventricular septal defect and great vessels, and they help surgeons identify risk structures more clearly for detailed planning of surgery. There was a strong correlation between the models of the patients and the anatomy encountered during the operation.CONCLUSION3D cardiac models accurately reveal the patient’s anatomy in detail and are therefore beneficial for planning surgery in patients with complex intracardiac anatomy

Epidemiology, anticoagulant treatment and risk of thromboembolism in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation: Results from Atrial Fibrillation in Turkey: Epidemiologic Registry (AFTER)

Background: The aim of this study was to perform a multicenter, prospective investigation regarding the epidemiology, the current effectiveness of therapeutic anticoagulation, and the risk of thromboembolism in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) based on the records of the Atrial Fibrillation in Turkey: Epidemiologic Registry (AFTER) study. Methods: Patients were selected from a total of 2,242 consecutive admissions that presented with AF diagnosed via electrocardiogram. Those diagnosed with non-valvular AF were excluded from the AFTER study population, which left 497 patients with valvular AF for analysis. Results: The etiology of valvular AF in patients was either attributed to rheumatic mitral valve stenosis (n = 217) or possessing a prosthetic heart valve (n = 280). Out of all the patients with valvular AF, 83.1% were taking warfarin for anticoagulation. Only 36.1% demonstrated a therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR), and among those patients it was found that 19.1% exhibited a labile INR. Multivariate analysis revealed that age was the only independent predictor of thromboembolic events in patients with valvular AF. Conclusions: Many valvular AF patients are not maintained at therapeutic INR levels, which poses a threat to patient health as they age and are at greater risk for thromboembolism