33 research outputs found
A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments
PVP-capped silver nanoparticles with a diameter of the metallic core of 70 nm,
a hydrodynamic diameter of 120 nm and a zeta potential of −20 mV were prepared
and investigated with regard to their biological activity. This review
summarizes the physicochemical properties (dissolution, protein adsorption,
dispersability) of these nanoparticles and the cellular consequences of the
exposure of a broad range of biological test systems to this defined type of
silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles dissolve in water in the presence
of oxygen. In addition, in biological media (i.e., in the presence of
proteins) the surface of silver nanoparticles is rapidly coated by a protein
corona that influences their physicochemical and biological properties
including cellular uptake. Silver nanoparticles are taken up by cell-type
specific endocytosis pathways as demonstrated for hMSC, primary T-cells,
primary monocytes, and astrocytes. A visualization of particles inside cells
is possible by X-ray microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and combined FIB/SEM
analysis. By staining organelles, their localization inside the cell can be
additionally determined. While primary brain astrocytes are shown to be fairly
tolerant toward silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles induce the
formation of DNA double-strand-breaks (DSB) and lead to chromosomal
aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster fibroblast cell
lines (CHO9, K1, V79B). An exposure of rats to silver nanoparticles in vivo
induced a moderate pulmonary toxicity, however, only at rather high
concentrations. The same was found in precision-cut lung slices of rats in
which silver nanoparticles remained mainly at the tissue surface. In a human
3D triple-cell culture model consisting of three cell types (alveolar
epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells), adverse effects were also
only found at high silver concentrations. The silver ions that are released
from silver nanoparticles may be harmful to skin with disrupted barrier (e.g.,
wounds) and induce oxidative stress in skin cells (HaCaT). In conclusion, the
data obtained on the effects of this well-defined type of silver nanoparticles
on various biological systems clearly demonstrate that cell-type specific
properties as well as experimental conditions determine the biocompatibility
of and the cellular responses to an exposure with silver nanoparticles
Anlage und Durchführung der Dritten Internationalen Mathematik- und Naturwissenschaftsstudie zur Sekundarstufe II (TIMSS/III) - Technische Grundlagen
Clinical chemistry investigations in recumbent and healthy German Holstein cows after the fifth day in milk
Recumbency is a frequent symptom occurring throughout lactation. Its cause can be related to the energy or mineral metabolism, or to trauma or infectious diseases. We compared various clinical chemistry parameters between healthy and recumbent cows and between cows with different causes of recumbency and determined if hypocalcaemia manifests in later lactation
TIMSS/III : Untersuchungsgegenstand, allgemeine Fragestellungen, Entwicklung der Untersuchungsinstrumente und technische Grundlagen der Studie
Regenerate augmentation with bone marrow concentrate after traumatic bone loss
Distraction osteogenesis after post-traumatic segmental bone loss of the tibia is a complex and time-consuming procedure that is often complicated due to prolonged consolidation or complete insufficiency of the regenerate. The aim of this feasibility study was to investigate the potential of bone marrow aspiration concentrate (BMAC) for percutaneous regenerate augmentation to accelerate bony consolidation of the regenerate. Eight patients (age 22-64) with an average posttraumatic bone defect of 82.4 mm and concomitant risk factors (nicotine abuse, soft-tissue defects, obesity and/or circulatory disorders) were treated with a modified Ilizarov external frame using an intramedullary cable transportation system. At the end of the distraction phase, each patient was treated with a percutaneously injection of autologous BMAC into the centre of the regenerate. The concentration factor was analysed using flow cytometry. The mean follow up after frame removal was 10 (4-15) months. With a mean healing index (HI) of 36.9 d/cm, bony consolidation of the regenerate was achieved in all eight cases. The mean concentration factor of the bone marrow aspirate was 4.6 (SD 1.23). No further operations concerning the regenerate were needed and no adverse effects were observed with the BMAC procedure. This procedure can be used for augmentation of the regenerate in cases of segmental bone transport. Further studies with a larger number of patients and control groups are needed to evaluate a possible higher success rate and accelerating effects on regenerate healing
Glancing-Angle Deposition of Nanostructures on an Implant Material Surface
Cell-compatible and antibacterial surfaces are needed for implants, which frequently have complex and rough surfaces. Bio-inspired columnar nanostructures can be grown on flat substrates; however, the application of these nanostructures on clinically relevant, complex, and rough surfaces was pending. Therefore, a titanium plasma spray (TPS) implant surface was coated with titanium nano-spikes via glancing angle magnetron sputter deposition (GLAD) at room temperature. Using GLAD, it was possible to cover the three-dimensional, highly structured macroscopic surface (including cavities, niches, clefts, and curved areas) of the TPS homogeneously with nano-spikes (TPS+), creating a cell-compatible and antibacterial surface. The adherence and spreading of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were similar for TPS and TPS+ surfaces. However, MSC adherent to TPS+ expressed less and shorter pseudopodia. The induced osteogenic response of MSC was significantly increased in cells cultivated on TPS+ compared with TPS. In addition, Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) adherent to the nano-spikes were partly destructed by a physico-mechanical mechanism; however, Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) were not significantly damaged