23 research outputs found
Creating two-dimensional bright solitons in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates
We propose a realistic experimental setup for creating quasi-two-dimensional
(2D) bright solitons in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), the existence
of which was proposed in Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 090406 (2008). A challenging
feature of the expected solitons is their strong inherent anisotropy, due to
the necessary in-plane orientation of the local moments in the dipolar gas.
This may be the first chance of making multidimensional matter-wave solitons,
as well as solitons featuring the anistropy due to their intrinsic dynamics.
Our analysis is based on the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation, which includes
three-body losses and noise in the scattering length, induced by fluctuations
of currents inducing the necessary magnetic fields, which are factors crucial
to the adequate description of experimental conditions. By means of systematic
3D simulations, we find a ramping scenario for the change of the scattering
length and trap frequencies which results in the creation of robust solitons,
that readily withstand the concomitant excitation of the condensate.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review
Pitchfork bifurcations in blood-cell shaped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates
We demonstrate that the method of coupled Gaussian wave packets is a
full-fledged alternative to direct numerical solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii
equation of condensates with electromagnetically induced attractive 1/r
interaction, or with dipole-dipole interaction. Moreover, Gaussian wave packets
are superior in that they are capable of producing both stable and unstable
stationary solutions, and thus of giving access to yet unexplored regions of
the space of solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We apply the method to
clarify the theoretical nature of the collapse mechanism of blood-cell shaped
dipolar condensates: On the route to collapse the condensate passes through a
pitchfork bifurcation, where the ground state itself turns unstable, before it
finally vanishes in a tangent bifurcation.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Variational methods with coupled Gaussian functions for Bose-Einstein condensates with long-range interactions. II. Applications
Bose-Einstein condensates with an attractive 1/r interaction and with
dipole-dipole interaction are investigated in the framework of the Gaussian
variational ansatz introduced by S. Rau, J. Main, and G. Wunner [Phys. Rev. A,
submitted]. We demonstrate that the method of coupled Gaussian wave packets is
a full-fledged alternative to direct numerical solutions of the
Gross-Pitaevskii equation, or even superior in that coupled Gaussians are
capable of producing both, stable and unstable states of the Gross-Pitaevskii
equation, and thus of giving access to yet unexplored regions of the space of
solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. As an alternative to numerical
solutions of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, the stability of the
stationary condensate wave functions is investigated by analyzing the stability
properties of the dynamical equations of motion for the Gaussian variational
parameters in the local vicinity of the stationary fixed points. For
blood-cell-shaped dipolar condensates it is shown that on the route to collapse
the condensate passes through a pitchfork bifurcation, where the ground state
itself turns unstable, before it finally vanishes in a tangent bifurcation.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. A, some equations
correcte
Bifurcations, order, and chaos in the Bose-Einstein condensation of dipolar gases
We apply a variational technique to solve the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii
equation for Bose-Einstein condensates in which an additional dipole-dipole
interaction between the atoms is present with the goal of modelling the
dynamics of such condensates. We show that universal stability thresholds for
the collapse of the condensates correspond to bifurcation points where always
two stationary solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation disappear in a
tangent bifurcation, one dynamically stable and the other unstable. We point
out that the thresholds also correspond to "exceptional points," i.e. branching
singularities of the Hamiltonian. We analyse the dynamics of excited condensate
wave functions via Poincare surfaces of section for the condensate parameters
and find both regular and chaotic motion, corresponding to (quasi-)
periodically oscillating and irregularly fluctuating condensates, respectively.
Stable islands are found to persist up to energies well above the saddle point
of the mean-field energy, alongside with collapsing modes. The results are
applicable when the shape of the condensate is axisymmetric.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, minor changes in the text and additional
reference adde
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Implications of climate change mitigation strategies on international bioenergy trade
Most climate change mitigation scenarios rely on increased use of bioenergy to decarbonize the energy system. Here we use results from the 33rd Energy Modeling Forum study (EMF-33) to investigate projected international bioenergy trade for different integrated assessment models across several climate change mitigation scenarios. Results show that in scenarios with no climate policy, international bioenergy trade is likely to increase over time, and becomes even more important when climate targets are set. More stringent climate targets, however, do not necessarily imply greater bioenergy trade compared to weaker targets, as final energy demand may be reduced. However, the scaling up of bioenergy trade happens sooner and at a faster rate with increasing climate target stringency. Across models, for a scenario likely to achieve a 2 °C target, 10–45 EJ/year out of a total global bioenergy consumption of 72–214 EJ/year are expected to be traded across nine world regions by 2050. While this projection is greater than the present trade volumes of coal or natural gas, it remains below the present trade of crude oil. This growth in bioenergy trade largely replaces the trade in fossil fuels (especially oil) which is projected to decrease significantly over the twenty-first century. As climate change mitigation scenarios often show diversified energy systems, in which numerous world regions can act as bioenergy suppliers, the projections do not necessarily lead to energy security concerns. Nonetheless, rapid growth in the trade of bioenergy is projected in strict climate mitigation scenarios, raising questions about infrastructure, logistics, financing options, and global standards for bioenergy production and trade. © 2020, The Author(s)
A computational approach to microRNA detection
During the last few years more and more functionalities of RNA have been discovered that were previously thought of being carried out by proteins alone. One of the most striking discoveries was the de tection of microRNAs, a class of noncoding RNAs that play an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Large-scale analyses are needed for the still increasingly growing amount of sequen ce data derived from new experimental technologies. In this paper we present a framework for the detection of the distinctive precursor structure of microRNAS that is based on the well-known Smith-Wat erman algorithm and various filtering steps. We conducted experiments on real genomic data and we found several new putative hits for microRNA precursor structures