3D models related to the publication: Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic contribution of intracranial osseous canals and cavities in armadillos and glyptodonts (Xenarthra, Cingulata)

INTRODUCTION: The phylogeny of the Cingulata has been debated in morphological analyses for a long time (Engelmann, 1985; Gaudin &Wible, 2006; Billet et al., 2011; Delsuc et al., 2016; Mitchell et al., 2016; Herrera et al., 2017) and this incongruence was enriched by the contribution of recent molecular analyses (Delsuc et al., 2016; Mitchell et al., 2016). This is particularly the case for the emblematic group of glyptodonts whose mitochondrial genome was recently assembled (Delsuc et al., 2016; Mitchell et al., 2016). Although the cranial anatomy is relatively well known in xenarthrans, their internal cranial anatomy remains poorly studied. Yet, several studies have shown that their exploration provides systematic interest on their past and present diversity (Zurita et al., 2011; Fernicola et al., 2012; Billet et al., 2015; Tambusso & Fari˜na, 2015a; Tambusso & Fari˜na, 2015b; Billet et al., 2017; Boscaini et al., 2018; Boscaini et al., 2020; Tambusso et al., 2021). In a recent study (Le Verger et al., 2021), we describe and compare 8 cranial canals (involved in the vascularization and innervation of the cranium) and alveolar cavities (Figure 1) of 30 specimens belonging to the Cingulata. In this sampling, all extant subfamilies are represented and several large fossil groups including giant forms such as pampatheres and glyptodonts are represented. For the latter, the oldest complete crania have been studied. A sloth and an anteater were also added to the sample as outgroup. Of the total sample, 3D models of 13 specimens are made available (Table 1). The rest of the specimens are available only upon request from LGR. In this study (Le Verger et al., 2021), we present the comparativ investigation of these intracranial osseous canals and alveolar cavities using X-ray microtomography. Their 3D virtual reconstruction enabled us to compare the locations, trajectories, and shape of each homologous structure and discuss their potential interest for cingulate systematics

Pervasive cranial allometry at different anatomical scales and variational levels in extant armadillos

Allometry, i.e., morphological variation correlated with size, is a major pattern in organismal evolution. Since size varies both within and among species, allometry occurs at different variational levels. However, the variability of allometric patterns across levels is poorly known since its evaluation requires extensive comparative studies. Here, we implemented a 3D geometric morphometric approach to investigate cranial allometry at three main variational levels—static, ontogenetic, and evolutionary—and two anatomical scales—entire cranium and cranial subunits—based on a dense intra- and interspecific sampling of extant armadillo diversity. While allometric trajectories differ among distantly related species, they hardly do so among sister families. This suggests that phylogenetic distance plays an important role in explaining allometric divergences. Beyond trajectories, our analyses revealed pervasive allometric shape changes shared across variational levels and anatomical scales. At the entire cranial scale, craniofacial allometry (relative snout elongation and braincase reduction) is accompanied notably by variations of nuchal crests and postorbital constriction. Among cranial subunits, the distribution of allometry was highly heterogeneous, with the frontal and petrosal bones showing the most pervasive shape changes, some of which were undetected at a more global scale. Evidence of widespread and superimposed allometric variations raises questions on their determinants and anatomical correlates and demonstrates the critical role of allometry in morphological evolution

Field-Based Metabolomics of Vitis vinifera L. Stems Provides New Insights for Genotype Discrimination and Polyphenol Metabolism Structuring

Grape accumulates numerous polyphenols with abundant health benefit and organoleptic properties that in planta act as key components of the plant defense system against diseases. Considerable advances have been made in the chemical characterization of wine metabolites particularly volatile and polyphenolic compounds. However, the metabotyping (metabolite-phenotype characterization) of grape varieties, from polyphenolic-rich vineyard by-product is unprecedented. As this composition might result from the complex interaction between genotype, environment and viticultural practices, a field experiment was setting up with uniform pedo-climatic factors and viticultural practices of growing vines to favor the genetic determinism of polyphenol expression. As a result, UPLC-MS-based targeted metabolomic analyses of grape stems from 8 Vitis vinifera L. cultivars allowed the determination of 42 polyphenols related to phenolic acids, flavonoids, procyanidins, and stilbenoids as resveratrol oligomers (degree of oligomerization 1–4). Using a partial least-square discriminant analysis approach, grape stem chemical profiles were discriminated according to their genotypic origin showing that polyphenol profile express a varietal signature. Furthermore, hierarchical clustering highlights various degree of polyphenol similarity between grape varieties that were in agreement with the genetic distance using clustering analyses of 22 microsatellite DNA markers. Metabolite correlation network suggested that several polyphenol subclasses were differently controlled. The present polyphenol metabotyping approach coupled to multivariate statistical analyses might assist grape selection programs to improve metabolites with both health-benefit potential and plant defense traits

Place de la craniectomie décompressive dans la prise en charge des traumatismes crâniens graves (expérience nantaise depuis 2005)

La craniectomie décompressive est une technique proposée dans la prise en charge du traumatisme crânien grave pour lutter contre l'hypertension intracrânienne réfractaire au traitement médical. Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective, monocentrique concernant l'ensemble des patients qui ont bénéficié d'une craniectomie décompressive avec réalisation d'un volet frontopariétotemporal uni ou bilatéral. 60 patients, âgés en moyenne de 23 ans ont été inclus de janvier 2005 à décembre 2011. Ils ont été suivis en moyenne 17 mois avec à long terme 17 patients décédés, 6 en état végétatif ou pauci-relationnel, 7 avec un handicap sévère, 16 avec un handicap modéré et 14 avec une bonne récupération soit un total de 50% de résultats favorables. Le score de Glasgow est le seul facteur pronostique fonctionnel identifié. Si les séries de la littérature rapportent des résultats hétérogènes, notre série semble montrer un intérêt à cette technique.NANTES-BU Médecine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Étude chez l'Homme et l'animal des conséquences neuromécaniques du bloc moteur à la lidocaïne et comparaison chez l'Homme aux conséquences neuromécaniques de la neurotomie tibiale sélective

COMPIEGNE-BU (601592101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Lésions traumatiques du rachis spondylarthritique (à propos de 36 cas)

La spondylarthrite ankylosante est une pathologie inflammatoire chronique prédominant au niveau du squelette axial aboutissant à la constitution d'une colonne bambou . Lors d'un traumatisme, elle adopte un comportement biomécanique comparable à celui d'un os long. Cet élément induit des lésions traumatiques propres dont la prise en charge se doit d'être spécifique. Dans cette étude, 36 cas de lésions traumatiques sur spondylarthrite ankylosante ont été analysés sur une période de 10 ans. Ces lésions font suite à un traumatisme à faible énergie. Les fractures constatées sont des fractures-dislocations, prédominant au niveau du rachis cervical bas, hautement instable, expliquant un taux de 50% de blessés médullaires. Le caractère peu symptomatique de ces lésions associé à une sensibilité médiocre des radiographies standards justifient une exploration tomodensitométrique rachidienne complète. La prise en charge est dans 8 cas sur 10 chirurgicale. La fixation postérieure longue et circonférentielle sont les seules techniques chirurgicales garantissant une bonne stabilité. De plus, en cas de lésion médullaire, la prise en charge chirurgicale démontre sa supériorité en terme de récupération fonctionnelle. La survenue d'une fracture cervicale basse (sous-jacente à C6) constitue une opportunité pour la correction d'une cyphose si celle-ci le justifie.NANTES-BU Médecine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic contribution of intracranial osseous canals and cavities in armadillos and glyptodonts (Xenarthra, Cingulata)

The evolutionary history of the Cingulata, as for many groups, remains a highly debated topic to this day, particularly for one of their most emblematic representatives: the glyptodonts. There is no consensus among morphological and molecular phylogenies regarding their position within Cingulata. As demonstrated by recent works, the study of the internal anatomy constitutes a promising path for enriching morphological matrices for the phylogenetic study of armadillos. However, internal cranial anatomy remains understudied in the Cingulata. Here we explored and compared the anatomy of intracranial osseous canals and cavities in a diverse sample of extant and extinct cingulates, including the earliest well-preserved glyptodont crania. The virtual 3D reconstruction (using X-ray microtomography) of selected canals, that is, the nasolacrimal canal, the palatine canal, the sphenopalatine canal, the canal for the frontal diploic vein, the transverse canal, the orbitotemporal canal, the canal for the capsuloparietal emissary vein and the posttemporal canal, and alveolar cavities related to cranial vascularization, innervation or tooth insertion allowed us to compare the locations, trajectories, and shape of these structures and to discuss their potential interest for cingulate systematics. We tentatively reconstructed evolutionary scenarios for eight selected traits related to these structures in which glyptodonts often showed a close resemblance to pampatheres, to the genus Proeutatus, and/or to chlamyphorines. This latter pattern was partly congruent with recent molecular hypotheses, but more research is needed on these resemblances and on the potential effects of development and allometry on the observed variations. Overall, these comparisons have enabled us to highlight new anatomical variation that may be of great interest to further explore the evolutionary history of cingulates and the origins of glyptodonts on a morphological basis

Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic contribution of intracranial osseous canals and cavities in armadillos and glyptodonts (Xenarthra, Cingulata)

The evolutionary history of the Cingulata, as for many groups, remains a highly de- bated topic to this day, particularly for one of their most emblematic representatives: the glyptodonts. There is no consensus among morphological and molecular phylog- enies regarding their position within Cingulata. As demonstrated by recent works, the study of the internal anatomy constitutes a promising path for enriching morpho- logical matrices for the phylogenetic study of armadillos. However, internal cranial anatomy remains understudied in the Cingulata. Here we explored and compared the anatomy of intracranial osseous canals and cavities in a diverse sample of ex- tant and extinct cingulates, including the earliest well-preserved glyptodont crania. The virtual 3D reconstruction (using X-ray microtomography) of selected canals, that is, the nasolacrimal canal, the palatine canal, the sphenopalatine canal, the canal for the frontal diploic vein, the transverse canal, the orbitotemporal canal, the canal for the capsuloparietal emissary vein and the posttemporal canal, and alveolar cavities related to cranial vascularization, innervation or tooth insertion allowed us to com- pare the locations, trajectories, and shape of these structures and to discuss their potential interest for cingulate systematics. We tentatively reconstructed evolution- ary scenarios for eight selected traits related to these structures in which glyptodonts often showed a close resemblance to pampatheres, to the genus Proeutatus, and/or to chlamyphorines. This latter pattern was partly congruent with recent molecular hypotheses, but more research is needed on these resemblances and on the potential effects of development and allometry on the observed variations. Overall, these com- parisons have enabled us to highlight new anatomical variation that may be of great interest to further explore the evolutionary history of cingulates and the origins of glyptodonts on a morphological basis.Fil: Le Verger, Kévin. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; FranciaFil: Gonzalez Ruiz, Laureano Raul. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica; ArgentinaFil: Billet, Guillaume. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Franci

Exogenous calcium deflects grape berry metabolism towards the production of more stilbenoids and less anthocyanins

Supplementary data to this article can be found online athttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126123.Calcium supplements have increasingly been used at pre- and post-harvest stages for improving fruit firmness, but elevated calcium levels in grape cells were shown to reduce total anthocyanin content. In this study, we hypothesized that exogenous calcium influences specific polyphenolic compounds, and performed targeted UPLC-MS analysis in fruits collected from vines cv. Vinhão sprayed with 2% (w/v) CaCl2 throughout the fruiting season, in two consecutive vintages, and in grape cell cultures elicited with calcium. Results showed that anthocyanin content is reduced upon calcium treatment, while stilbenoid synthesis is generally stimulated, in line with UFGT and STS expression patterns. The main metabolites involved in this response were malvidin-3-O-glucoside, E-piceid, E-?-viniferin and E-resveratrol. The accumulation of phenolic acids, catechin and some quercetin derivatives was also favored by calcium, while other flavonols and flavan-3-ols were affected according to the vintage and berry developmental stage. In cell cultures, the entire flavonoid pathway was repressed.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Scienceand Technology (FCT) in the framework of the strategic funding [UID/BIA/04050/2019, UID/AGR/04033/2019] and the projects [PTDC/AGR-PRO/7028/2014, PTDCBIA-FBT/28165/2017, PTDC/BIA-FBT/30341/2017, and SFRH/BPD/107905/2015 to V.M.]. The Région-Centre Val de Loire (France) supported this work under the grantagreement to Projects VITI'ACTIF and VINODRONE to A.L and K.B.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ontogenetic and static allometry in the skull and cranial units of nine-banded armadillos (Cingulata: Dasypodidae: Dasypus novemcinctus)

A large part of extant and past mammalian morphological diversity is related to variation in size through allometric effects. Previous studies suggested that craniofacial allometry is the dominant pattern underlying mammalian skull shape variation, but cranial allometries were rarely characterized within cranial units such as individual bones. Here, we used 3D geometric morphometric methods to study allometric patterns of the whole skull (global) and of cranial units (local) in a postnatal developmental series of nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus ssp.). Analyses were conducted at the ontogenetic and static levels, and for successive developmental stages. Our results support craniofacial allometry as the global pattern along with more local allometric trends, such as the relative posterior elongation of the infraorbital canal, the tooth row reduction on the maxillary, and the marked development of nuchal crests on the supraoccipital with increasing skull size. Our study also reports allometric proportions of shape variation varying substantially among cranial units and across ontogenetic stages. The multi-scale approach advocated here allowed unveiling previously unnoticed allometric variations, indicating an untapped complexity of cranial allometric patterns to further explain mammalian morphological evolution