Morphology and Anatomy of the Flowers of Trichilia catigua A. Juss., T. elegans A. Juss. and T. pallida Sw. (Meliaceae)

Morphological and structural features of flowers of Trichilia catigua A. Juss., T. elegans A. Juss. and T. pallida Sw. (Meliaceae) are presented here with the purpose to stimulate future reproductive and preservation studies of these brazilian native species. Anthesis occurred from April to August in T. catigua, January to May in T. pallida and September to January in T. elegans. Sepals and petals presented a papillose and pilose epidermis and a parenchymatous mesophyll. Male flowers presented pistillodes with abortive ovules and a staminal tube with tetrasporangiate anthers. Anther wall had a papilose epidermis, a fibrous endothecium, two middle layers and a secretory tapetum. Female flowers presented antherodes and bi - or tricarpellate syncarpous pistils. Ovary had a simple structure with anatropous, bitegmic ovules. Style was hollow or solid and the stigma was constituted by uni - or bicelullar trichomes. Strictly dioecious specimens were not found in the study area

A COMPARATIVE ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE STEMS OF CLIMBING PLANTS FROM THE FOREST REMNANTS OF MARINGA, BRAZIL ESTUDIO ANATOMICO COMPARATIVO DE LOS TALLOS DE PLANTAS TREPADORAS DE LOS REMANENTES FORESTALES DE MARINGA, BRASIL

Climbing plants differ from self-supporting plants, such as shrubs and trees, in a range of characteristics, most notable are the mechanical properties of the stem. Liana stems as Pereskia aculeata Mill. (Cactaceae), Pisonia aculeata L. (Nyctaginaceae), Arrabidaea mutabilis Bureau et K.Schum. (Bignoniaceae), Dalechampia stipulacea Müll.Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) and Dicella nucifera Chodat (Malpighiaceae) were collected in Brazilian forest remnants. The objective of this paper is: a) to analyze the comparative stem structure of these species; b) to answer the inquiry whether these species present cambial variants or not and to verify the modes of cambial activities, and c) to contribute with the anatomical identification of the liana species, characterizing mainly the cambial variant types. The stems were sectioned by freehand and in rotation microtome, and stained with safranin, astra blue and toluidine blue. Stem epidermis is uniseriate with tector trichomes. Cortex consists of collenchyma, parenchyma and starch sheath. Pereskia aculeata and Pisonia aculeata have medullary collateral bundles. Phellogen is subepidermic. The species present stems with cambial variants, except Dalechampia stipulacea. Pereskia aculeata, Pisonia aculeata and Dicella nucifera have included phloem in the secondary xylem. Arrabidaea mutabilis presents cambial variants in four regions of the secondary vascular cylinder.Las plantas trepadoras difieren de las que se autosoportan, como los arbustos y árboles, en un rango de características, las más notables son las propiedades mecánicas del tallo. Los tallos de lianas como Pereskia aculeata Mill. (Cactaceae), Pisonia aculeata L. (Nyctaginaceae), Arrabidaea mutabilis Bureau et K.Schum. (Bignoniaceae), Dalechampia stipulacea Müll.Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) y Dicella nucifera Chodat (Malpighiaceae) fueron recolectados en los remanentes forestales brasileños. El objetivo de este trabajo es: a) analizar la estructura comparativa del tallo de estas especies; b) responder la pregunta si estas especies presentan variantes del cambium o no y verificar los modos de actividades del cambium, y c) contribuir con la identificación anatómica de las especies del lianas, caracterizando principalmente los tipos de variantes del cambium. Los tallos fueron cortados a mano y en el micrótomo de rotación y coloreado con safranina, azul de astra y azul de toluidina. La epidermis del tallo es uniseriada con tricomas tectores. La corteza contiene parénquima, colénquima y vaina amilífera. Pereskia aculeata y Pisonia aculeata tienen haces medulares colaterales. El felógeno es subepidérmico. Los tallos de las especies presentan variantes del cambium, excepto Dalechampia stipulacea. Pereskia aculeata, Pisonia aculeata e Dicella nucifera han incluido el floema en el xilema secundario. Arrabidaea mutabilis presenta variantes del cambium en cuatro regiones del cilindro vascular secundario