Convolutional recurrent neural network with template based representation for complex question answering

Complex Question answering system is developed to answer different types of questions accurately. Initially the question from the natural language is transformed to an internal representation which captures the semantics and intent of the question. In the proposed work, internal representation is provided with templates instead of using synonyms or keywords. Then for each internal representation, it is mapped to relevant query against the knowledge base. In present work, the Template representation based Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (T-CRNN) is proposed for selecting answer in Complex Question Answering (CQA) framework. Recurrent neural network is used to obtain the exact correlation between answers and questions and the semantic matching among the collection of answers. Initially, the process of learning is accomplished through Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which represents the questions and answers separately. Then the representation with fixed length is produced for each question with the help of fully connected neural network. In order to design the semantic matching between the answers, the representation of Question Answer (QA) pair is given into the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Finally, for the given question, the correctly correlated answers are identified with the softmax classifier

Improving recognition accuracy on CVSD speech under mismatched conditions

Emerging technology in mobile communications is seeing increasingly high acceptance as a preferred choice for last-mile communication. There have been a wide range of techniques to achieve signal compression to suit to the smaller bandwidths available on mobile communication channels; but speech recognition methods have seen success mostly only in controlled speech environments. However, designing of speech recognition systems for mobile communications is crucial in order to provide voice enabled command and control and for applications like Mobile Voice Commerce. Continuously Variable Slope Delta (CVSD) modulation, a technique for low bitrate coding of speech, has been in use particularly in military wireless environments for over 30 years, and is now also adopted by BlueTooth. CVSD is particularly suitable for Internet and mobile environments due to its robustness against transmission errors, and simplicity of implementation and the absence of a need for synchronization. In this paper, we study some characteristics of the CVSD speech in the context of robust recognition of compressed speech, and present two methods of improving the recognition accuracy in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. We study the characteristics of the features extracted for ASR and how they relate to the corresponding features computed from Pulse Coded Modulation (PCM) speech and apply this relation to correct the CVSD features to improve recognition accuracy. Secondly we show that the ASR done on bit-streams directly, gives a good recognition accuracy and when combined with our approach gives a better accuracy

HALOGENS, ALCOHOLS AND POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE EXTEND THE STORABILITY OF HOT PEPPER SEEDS (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) UNDER ACCELERATED AGEING CONDITIONS

The feasibility of extending the storability of fresh hot pepper seeds, by modifying the storage atmosphere, using the respiration inhibitors and seed desiccants was examined. Halogens such as chlorine, bromine and iodine and methanol, ethanol and potassium permanganate were used for a period of 22 months under accelerated ageing conditions of high seed moisture and temperature. The various seed quality parameters – viability, vigour, speed of germination, seedling dry weight, and moisture content were evaluated. In the untreated control, decreased seed viability was observed within 10 months of storage. However, iodine and chlorine were proved effective in retaining high seed viability up to 90.7 and 88.0%, respectively, even after 22 months of storage. Chlorine treatment was able to retain the seed vigour (904.0), iodine (766.4), KMnO4 (754.4) and methanol (566.7) whereas the value of vigour index in control was 72.0. Chlorine and iodine were on par in their ability to maintain the speed of seed germination (25.2 and 24.8, respectively), followed by KMnO4 (20.2). Seedling dry weight was proved as a parameter not sensitive in estimating the seed quality since even after 22 months storage of seeds at atmospheres of chlorine, iodine, KMnO4 and methanol did not show any differences. KMnO4 sharply reduced the seed moisture content from 9.83 to 7.89% providing better storability over the contro

Effectiveness of Resistance Training on the Strength of Scapulo-humeral Muscles and Abdominals in Male Volley Ball Players

Background: Volleyball is a sportive modality that requires strength in the upper and lower extremities along with the trunk musculature. The improvement of muscular strength is very important along with agility and flexibility for a volleyball player. Aim of the study to find the effectiveness of resistance training on the strength of scapulo-humeral muscles and abdominals in male volley ball players. Objectives of this study is find out the effect of resistance training on the strength of the scapulo-humeral muscles by measuring peak torque by using an isokinetic dynamometer and to find out the effect of resistance training on strength of abdominals through 1RM test. Methods: A group of 30 male volleyball players who have fulfilled the inclusion criteria were assigned into two groups control and experimental groups each consisting of 15 subjects. The subjects of the experimental group underwent resistance training under my supervision and the subjects of the control group done the same protocol unsupervised for 6 weeks. Results: There was significant improvement in the strength of scapula-humeral muscles and abdominals in the experimental group when compared to the control group when the pre and post intervention values were measured (p=0.05). Conclusion: Resistance training under supervision of the therapist resulted in significant improvement in strength of the scapulo-humeral muscles and abdominals in the male volleyball players

Validation of Molecular Markers Genetically Linked to S-Cytoplasm and Restoration-of-fertility (Rf) Loci in Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Existence of CGMS system in hot pepper is due to the rearrangements in the mitochondrial genome and is largely used in economized and pure F 1 hybrid seed production around the world. The orf456, a new ORF present at flanking region of the coxII gene at the 3’ end, was distinguished male sterile cytoplasm in hot peppers along with atp6-2gene. In the current study, eighteen pepper genotypes (nine each of A and corresponding B lines) of varied origin were used to validate with two male sterile cytoplasm (S-cytoplasm) specific sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR) markers viz., atp6-2 (875 bp) and orf456 (456 bp) and one restoration-of-fertility (Rf) locus specific marker, CRF (550 bp). The results clearly showed that the presence of CMS-S-cytoplasm and absence of restoration-of-fertility (Rf) gene in the pepper genotypes studied and is comparable with the phenotypic data. In view of the outcomes it has been reasoned that the accessible S and Rf markers available in the public domain are reproducible and can be promptly utilized for marker assisted selection (MAS) in hot pepper crop improvement program

Detection of COVID 19 using X-ray Images with Fine-tuned Transfer Learning

Recently, COVID-19 infection has been spread to a wider human population worldwide and deemed a pandemic for its rapidity. The absence of medicine or immunization for the “COVID-19” illness, along with the requirement for early discovery and isolation of affected persons, is critical in reducing the risk of infection in healthy population. Blood specimens, or “RT-PCR” are primary screening technique for “COVID-19”. However, average positive “RT-PCR” is expected as 30 to 60%, leading to undiscovered infections and potentially endangering a broad population of healthy persons with infectious symptoms. With the quick examination approach, chest radiography as a common approach for identifying respiratory disorders is straightforward to execute. A board-certified radiologist indicated the presence of disease in these radiographs. Four transfer learning techniques to COVID-19 illness identification were trained using 2,000 X-rays: VGG-16, GoogleNet, ResNet, and SqueezeNet. The result of the experimental assessment shows that the VGG-16 network fine-tuned with Keras achieved sensitivity of 100% with specificity of 98.5% and accuracy of approximately 99.3%

Combining Ability for Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Manjarigota Type Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Twenty one F1 crosses of Manjarigota type of brinjal in a line X tester (mating design) involving seven lines and three testers were evaluated for general combining ability (GCA) of the parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of the crosses for various quantitative characters. Combining ability analysis revealed that two lines viz, IIHR-574 (L3) and IIHR-575 (L4), and two testers, IIHR-438-2 (T1) and IIHR-500A (T2) were good general combiner for most of the characters studied and, hence, can be used for further improvement of quantitative traits in Manjarigota type of brinjal. Among the 21 F1 crosses evaluated, two crosses, L4xT2 and L3xT3, were found to be good specific combiners for most of the yield contributing traits, viz, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant and plant height. Therefore, these cross-combinations can be commercially exploited for heterosis breeding to isolate desirable genotypes of manjarigota type brinjal

Effect of Damage modes and Fiber volume fraction on the Effective properties of the Unidirectional composites

The aim of present work is to predict the effect of fiber volume fraction and different damage mechanisms such as fiber breakage, fiber-matrix debond and matrix cracks on the effective properties of the unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites based on a micromechanical analysis. The material properties are calculated using a Finite element method based numerical approach using a three-dimensional micromechanical representative volume element (RVE). The RVE is modeled by considering a square packing array of fibers with circular cross-section. The periodic boundary conditions are applied on the RVE to calculate elastic properties of composite

A multi-dimensional study to estimate the behaviour of the general public during COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on societies all over the world, leading to significant shifts in individual behavior as well as societal norms. The goal of this study was to provide an in-depth look at the many different aspects of public behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Demographic information, COVID-19 knowledge and awareness, prevention adherence, vaccination attitudes, and psychological well-being as a whole were all be gathered through the quantitative survey. The subjective meetings will give further bits of knowledge into the hidden inspirations, discernments, and difficulties faced by people in following general wellbeing rules. Results: To find patterns and correlations among the various variables, statistical methods like regression analysis, factor analysis, and clustering algorithms were used in the data analysis. The subjective information was investigated specifically, separating key topics and accounts that shed light on the subtleties of the public’s way of behaving during the pandemic. Conclusions: In the end, the goal of this multidimensional study was to help make decisions based on evidence and come up with plans to improve public health and lessen the impact of infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19

Relationship between morphological and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker based genetic distance with heterosis in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Identification of potential parents that produce the hybrids with superior yield is the most important step in developing hybrids to save the substantial resources. The present study was carried out to assess the morphological and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker based genetic diversity, to estimate mid parent heterosis and to correlate the estimated parental genetic diversity with heterosis chilli. Five CMS B - lines and 30 testers were used for morphological and AFLP marker genetic divergence analysis. 150 hybrids were synthesized through Line × Tester (5 × 30) mating design and were used to estimate the mid-parent heterosis for nine characters at two locations. 35 parents were examined for nine morphological traits and were grouped in to six clusters. These parents were also examined for eight AFLP primers combinations and were grouped into seven clusters. More than 50% of hybrids showed significant mid-parent heterosis for both green and red fruit yield plant-1. Hence, there is a much potential for development of good yielding hybrids. The positive significant correlation was found between morphological and AFLP marker distance of the parents with heterosis for plant height (r = 0.17 and 0.38), green fruit yield plant-1 (r = 0.19 and 0.25) and red fruit yield plant-1 (r = 0.20 and 0.34); however, the correlation coefficients were not strong in these traits. Genetic distance between parents was not strong enough to predict the performance of the hybrids and proved to be of no predictive value.Keywords: Correlation, molecular markers, genetic diversity, chill