Extraction and characterization of pectin derived from underutilized papaya seeds as a value-added product

Food processing industries generate a massive amount of biowastes, which causes major environmental issues. High-level marketable bioproducts can be extracted from these biowastes as value-added products. One such value-added product is pectin. Papaya fruit is one of the tropical fruits that is utilized the most to produce a greater number of processed foods in the food processing industries. Papaya seeds are one of the underutilized parts of papaya and have potential commercial value-added products. The present study aims to extract pectin from papaya seed waste using the hot water extraction technique. Furthermore, one factor at a time (OFAT) was used to find the optimum process conditions for the high extraction of pectin. The parameters considered were liquid–solid ratio (5-50 ml/g), sample weight (5-25 g), extraction time (15-90 min), temperature (50-100°C) and pH (1-3). A high yield of pectin (8.655%) was obtained at a liquid–solid ratio of 25 mL/g, sample weight of 20 g, extraction time of 60 min at 80°C, pH of 1.5 and precipitation with ethanol. Proximate analysis was performed for the papaya seeds that had moisture (82.10%), ash (1.76%), protein (1.52%), fat (1.42%) and carbohydrate (13.20%), and the pectin extracted from papaya seeds were found to have moisture (7.8%), ash (7.6%), protein (2.2%), fat (2.1%) and carbohydrate (80.3%). Pectin was characterized with gas chromatography for its methoxy content, which was found to be 9.216%. The current investigation found that pectin obtained from papaya seeds had low methoxy pectin, which has commercial applications in the jam and jelly industries

Studies on lipase enzyme production by indigenously isolated Bacillus Cereus (BAIT GCT 127002 ) and Bacillus Cereus (BAIT GCT 127001)

Microbial lipases holds a prominent place among biocatalysts that act on carboxylic ester bonds.  This present study involves about eight strains isolated form slaughter house waste water,Coimbatore producing lipase.Among those strains , two bacterial strains exhibiting high lipase production  were identified as  Bacillus Cereus (BAIT GCT 127002 ) and Bacillus Cereus (BAIT GCT 127001 ) by both biochemical analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing.  Initial studies were done for optimizing lipase production using many components such as time course,Carbon sources ,pH and innoculum volume which  revealed maximum lipase acitivity (43.37 U/ml) at 24 hours, using  palm oil , at pH 8 and innoculum volume of 1 ml by Bacillus Cereus (BAIT GCT 127002 ).Further the percentage  removal of oil from oil stained fabric was determined using partially purified lipase with or without detergents and the results indicated 20% ,30% removal with use of  crude lipase and commercial detergent respectively.Hence, lipase from Bacillus Cereus(BAIT GCT 127002 )   can be regarded as an ideal ingredient that can be used in the laundry detergents.Â&nbsp