9 research outputs found
Conjugation of enrofloxacin with amine functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticle enhances antibacterial activity in vitro
233-240Increased resistance to a large number of antibacterial drugs poses a serious challenge in chemotheraphy of infectious
diseases. Here, we have made and attempt to redesign the existing chemotherapeutic agent enrofloxacin (EN) to treat
resistant bacteria. Precisely, we synthezied EN conjugated zinc oxide nanoparticles (EN-ZNP) and explored enhancing the
antibacterial activity of enrofloxacin. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNP) were synthesized by microwave irradiation and amine
functionalization by co-condensation with APTES and then by utilizing EPC/NHS chemistry, enrofoxacin was conjugated.
Conjugation and their stability were confirmed by FT-IR spectra and Zeta potential. EN fraction in EN-ZNP was determined
indirectly using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The MIC values obtained for EN-ZNP against MTCC cultures and clinical isolates of
Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus were significantly (P <0.05) lower than ZNP and, when
compared to native EN it is significantly higher. However, the concentration of conjugated EN in EN-ZNP was significantly
lower than the MIC of native EN. The results suggest that enrofloxacin can be successfully conjugated with amine
functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles. The antibacterial efficacy was significantly improved when ZNP conjugated with
EN against standard MTCC cultures and clinical isolates
Conjugation of enrofloxacin with amine functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticle enhances antibacterial activity in vitro
Increased resistance to a large number of antibacterial drugs poses a serious challenge in chemotheraphy of infectious diseases. Here, we have made and attempt to redesign the existing chemotherapeutic agent enrofloxacin (EN) to treat resistant bacteria. Precisely, we synthezied EN conjugated zinc oxide nanoparticles (EN-ZNP) and explored enhancing the antibacterial activity of enrofloxacin. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNP) were synthesized by microwave irradiation and amine functionalization by co-condensation with APTES and then by utilizing EPC/NHS chemistry, enrofoxacin was conjugated. Conjugation and their stability were confirmed by FT-IR spectra and Zeta potential. EN fraction in EN-ZNP was determined indirectly using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The MIC values obtained for EN-ZNP against MTCC cultures and clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus were significantly (P <0.05) lower than ZNP and, when compared to native EN it is significantly higher. However, the concentration of conjugated EN in EN-ZNP was significantly lower than the MIC of native EN. The results suggest that enrofloxacin can be successfully conjugated with amine functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles. The antibacterial efficacy was significantly improved when ZNP conjugated with EN against standard MTCC cultures and clinical isolates
Protective effect of <i>T</i><i style="">ribulus terrestris </i>linn on liver and kidney in cadmium intoxicated rats
141-146Administration of cadmium (Cd) significantly increased the peroxidation
markers such as malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls along with significant
decrease in antioxidant markers such as super oxide dismutase and reduced
glutathione in liver and kidney tissues. Cadmium also caused a significant alteration
in hepatic and renal functional markers in serum viz. total protein, albumin,
alanine transaminase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Prominent
pathological changes observed in liver were severe vascular and sinusoidal
congestion with diffuse degenerative changes and mononuclear infiltration into
peripheral areas, while the kidney showed vascular and glomerular congestion,
cloudy swelling of tubular epithelium. Co-administration of ethonolic extract
of T. terrestris or vitamin E along
with Cd significantly reversed the Cd induced changes along with significant
reduction in Cd load
Protective effect of an aphrodisiac herb Tribulus terrestris Linn on cadmium-induced testicular damage
Aim : The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Tribulus
terrestris Linn (TT) could protect the cadmium (Cd)-induced testicular
tissue peroxidation in rats and to explore the underlying mechanism of
the same. Materials and Methods : In vitro and in vivo studies were
conducted to know the protective effect of ethanolic extract of TT
(eTT) in Cd toxicity. In in vitro studies, total antioxidant and
ferrous metal ion chelating activity of TT was studied. In vivo studies
were conducted in rats. A total of 40 Wistar strain adult male rats
were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as control, while group 2
to 4 received CdCl 2 (3 mg/kg b. wt. s/c once a week). In addition to
Cd, group 3 and 4 rats also received eTT (5 mg/kg b.wt. daily as oral
gavage) and α-tocopherol (75 mg/kg daily by oral gavage),
respectively. At the end of 6th week, all the rats were sacrificed and
the separated testes were weighted and processed for estimation of
tissue peroxidation markers, antioxidant markers, functional markers,
and Cd concentration. The testes were also subjected to
histopathological screening. Results : In in vitro studies, the
percentage of metal ion chelating activity of 50 μg/ml of eTT and
α-tocopherol were 2.76 and 9.39, respectively, and the antioxidant
capacity of eTT was equivalent to 0.063 μg of
α-tocopherol/μg of eTT. In in vivo studies, administration of
Cd significantly reduced the absolute and relative testicular weight,
antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and
functional markers such as LDH and ALP, along with significant increase
in peroxidation markers such as malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls
in testicular tissue. Testes of Cd only-treated group showed
histological insults like necrotic changes in seminiferous tubules and
interstitium, shrunken tubules with desquamated basal lamina,
vacuolization and destruction of sertoli cells, and degenerating Leydig
cells. This group also had higher Cd levels in testicular tissue.
Co-treatment with eTT and α-tocopherol significantly reduced the
Cd burden in the testes along with reversal of the Cd-induced changes.
Conclusions : eTT exhibited protective effect against Cd-induced
testicular damage. The protective effect appears to be mediated through
inhibition of testicular tissue peroxidation by antioxidant and metal
chelator activity and also, may be indirectly by stimulating the
testosterone production from Leydig cells
Prevention of cadmium bioaccumulation by herbal adaptogens
Objectives : To evaluate the effect of various herbal adaptogens such
as shade-dried powders of Withania somnifera , Ocimum sanctum ,
Asperagus recemosus , Andrographis paniculata , Asphaltum panjabinum
(Shilajith), Gymnema sylvestre , Spirulina platensis , and Panex
ginseng on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress and its accumulation
in broiler chicken. Materials and Methods : A total of 80 male broiler
chicks of day old age were randomly assigned to 10 equal groups. Group
1 birds were fed with basal diet throughout the experiment (1-42 days).
Group 2-10 chicks were fed with basal diet containing cadmium at 100
ppm from day 1 to day 28 (4 weeks). From 29 th to 42 nd day (2 weeks),
basal diet alone was fed to group 2 chicks which acted as toxic control
and group 3-10 birds were fed with feed containing 0.1% powder of W.
somnifera, O. sanctum, Aspe. recemosus, An. paniculata, Asph.
panjabinum (Shilajith), G. sylvestre, S. platensis, and P. ginseng,
respectively. Body weight gain, levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants
such as reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation markers such as
thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS), liver functional
markers such as serum alanine transaminase (ALT), kidney functional
markers such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine and
concentration of cadmium in liver and kidney were investigated. Results
: Body weight gains were significantly decreased in birds of groups
2-10 compared to group 1 at the end of 4 th week. Supplementation of
various medicinal herbs in feed after 4 th week significantly improved
the body weight gain compared to that in group 2 chicks. The increase
in TBARS and decrease in GSH concentrations of liver and kidney tissues
in cadmium intoxicated birds were significantly reversed by the
above-said herbs. The liver and kidney functional markers were also
restored to normal levels. Highest concentration of cadmium was found
accumulated in kidney, followed by liver in birds of group 2. Herbal
supplementation in groups 3-10 prevented Cd bioaccumulation which was
most evident in liver, followed by kidney. Conclusions : Administration
of herbal adaptogens at the rate of 0.1% in feed significantly
prevented the bioaccumulation of Cd and reversed the Cd-induced
oxidative tissue damage