Conceptualizing a four-factor construct for Journalists’ Job Satisfaction: A Structural Equation Modeling Method

Job Satisfaction studies, especially in the field of Organization research, have traditionally been looked at as a measure of motivation and environmental factors. Factors of burnout related to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment and its different variants have also been related to diverse conceptualizations of job satisfaction. Recent studies in the fields of human services have also looked at intrinsic, organizational and salary as factors of job satisfaction. The present study theorizes a four-factor construct of job satisfaction for journalists—intrinsic satisfaction, organizational satisfaction, tangible benefits and efficacy perceptions. Based on an online survey of 216 journalists in three Indian cities, this study provides a structural equation modeling approach to prove the construct validity of the hypothesized model proposed as a second order hierarchical construct. Standard goodness of fit indices and factor loadings are used to prove the construct validit

Media and YouTube Appeal in Social Movement Mobilization: The Case of Anti-Tourism Incident

Spain has become the second most popular destination in the world, and the city of Barcelona has experienced several incidents characterized by anti-tourism sentiment. One of them was the ‘tourist go home’ movement, which attracted interest throughout the world. In this study, quantitative and empirical approaches were used to collect and analyzed the sample. The analyses were conducted focusing on specific characteristics of YouTube videos. This research highlights the dynamic of a brand-new “anti-tourist” emotion and movement, which is linked to mass tourism and to renting platforms such as Airbnb. Additionally, the conducted study tried to analyze this new social phenomenon, paying simultaneous attention to the YouTube platform as a propaganda tool and the use of hate speech as a weapon against individuals. Subsequently, it is believed that the examined issue influences social media companies, social movements, the tourism industry, journalists, state, and non-state actors

The Analysis of the Tendency of the Vietnamese Media: Researching on the Construction of Chinese Tourist Image Based on "VnExpress"

China is now becoming a fundamental market for the prosperity and growth of the world’s tourism economy. It promotes the rapid development of foreign tourism and brings some influences to social life. Chinese tourists are highly concerned with foreign media at home and abroad; the Vietnamese Media is the same. Based on the theoretical framework, this paper analyzes the Chinese tourists report towards the Vietnamese Media “VnExpress” 2018 and discusses the construction of Chinese tourists’ image from the three views of macroscopic, the middle, and microcosmic of the news text framework. From there, it shows the tendency and prejudice of the Vietnamese media. The study found that “VnExpress” has a clear tendency; the image of Chinese tourists is full of negatives. At the same time, it indirectly involves events on political issues; Vietnamese media also maintain strong political sensitivity. Moreover, it emphasizes the integrity of Vietnam’s territorial sovereignty, the particularity of history and culture, and strengthening the sense of identity of V ietnamese readers

Deconstruction of Symbols of Reality in Hindi Cinema: A Study on Calendar Girls and Haider

Hindi cinema has always been a better citation for Indian culture. Now it is an accepted proof for the changing scenarios of modern India. The cinema has shaped and portrayed Indian culture to the extent that the sixth art forms could ever achieve. Hindi cinema has a great influence on common man who sees the different symbols of daily life and culture constructed by cinema as real things present in their day-to-day life. Cinema does not only construct the symbols but also deconstruct it. The present research aims to trace and analyze the construction and deconstruction of different social, economic, and psychological symbols created over a period of time through many block buster films. To check this changing perspective of cinema for the society, two films namely ‘Calendar Girls’ and ‘Haider’ discussed in this paper. The focus of the study is on understanding the portrayal of women in Calendar Girls and terrorism in Haide

Towards a “Transformative” Image of Arab Women in Anti-Violence Adverts: Semiotics Analysis of Arab Social Media Adverts

This paper aims to provide an in-depth investigation of the role of social media images in conveying the meaning of “power” and “empowerment” in public antiviolence campaigns that aim to empower women in the Middle East. The research raises three qualitative questions of the way anti-violence adverts have represented Arab women in the social media; the way Arab societal culture affects the image of women represented in the adverts; and the extent to which these social adverts have empowered women to transfer their realities against domestic violence. The researcher uses a purposeful sample of six social campaigns that addressed women violence organized by six non-profit and governmental entities in different Arab countries in the period between 2013 and 2018. The paper used the theoretical framework offered by Cohen-Eliya and Hammer (2004) to analyze the extent to which these social media adverts have “empowered” women against domestic violence. The input of this framework is that it studies how visual adverts have constructed relationships of power regarding the stereotypes of women in the Middle East. The paper finds that although these social media adverts aim to fight domestic violence, they enhance traditional stereotype of weak women and fall short of addressing the concept of “empowerment” through focusing on stereotypical images of powerless women. The paper highlights the need for new social media communication that would utilize the opportunities provided by social media to establish a new “transformative” image of the Arab woman about her cultural context. Moreover, the paper suggests that the concept of “empowerment” should be addressed at both individual and cultural levels through cooperating with governmental and non-profit organizations using social media communication to provide women with access to resources

India of the 1970s and Gulzar’s Construction of Gender: Aandh as a Case for Indian Women

This paper examines the social construction of gender by Gulzar in the film Aandhi and maps it with the cultural and socio-political changes that took place in the country during that era. Aandhi1 is the first Hindi film that narrates the dilemma of a modern woman politician – a space largely occupied by men. Gulzar went against the norms of film making in the seventies and directed a film based on woman politician which broke certain gender stereotypes. Aarti, the female protagonist in the film, wishes to have everything in life at her whims and fancies. She is a non-conformist. She challenges the norms set by society and refuses to become a sandwich between her father’s selfish ambitions and husband’s patriarchal needs

Cinema Attendance and Cinema-Going Audience in Malaysia

Cinema audiences’ behavior interests both industry professionals and academics. Cinema-going is still indisputably popular form of entertainment in Malaysia. This study discusses cinema-going in the era of omnipresent screens. It aims to verify Malaysians’ cinema going behaviors and the sustainability factors contributing to the Malaysian film industry. The various factors affecting cinema and movie-going behavior would include encouragement, theme, motivation, perception, gratification, and genre. The local filmmaking industry fell into a decline after 2014 based on observation of annual film production. In the context of westernization, this small market presents a challenge for the government in promoting local popular films. With the influx of genre films from abroad, Malaysian cinema is struggling to the hilt to survive. To understand this situation from the perspective of the audiences, this study, using data from surveys conducted in Malaysia in 2018, discusses the fandom of Malaysian cinema, their cinema-going behavior, and the association with their identities

"Nigerian Public Relations Practitioners’ Use of Social Media: Validation of an Online Interactivity Model Applying Structural Equation Modeling"

Two-way symmetrical communication has been described as the best practice in modern public relations. The advent of new media, specifically social media, provides public relations practitioners with the opportunities of engaging in effective two-way communication with their publics because of its interaction potentials.The aim of this paper, therefore, was to propose and validate an online interactivity model that explains how public relations (PR) practitioners use social media for the promotion of two-way balanced communication with their publics. Data were collected from 513 Nigerian PR practitioners through systematic random sampling and were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings of the study suggested that the proposed and validated online interactivity model explained 82% of practitioners use social media for enhancing interaction with their publics

Influence of Facebook in Pakistani Pedagogy

This study grounds itself in the communication, information sharing, discussion and cocreation potential of ICTs with reference to social media-Facebook. Taking a qualitative approach, it explores the above as building blocks of new educational paradigms of learner autonomy; learner-centered education and co-creation of knowledge through discussion and collaboration, by exploring the various ways and reasons teachers use Facebook as part of pedagogy in Pakistan. It suggests that, in order to understand fully the potential of Facebook as a pedagogical tool, being egalitarian, autonomous and emancipatory, there is a need to review the ways in which learning is viewed and evaluated

Does Augmented Reality Augment the Experience? A Qualitative Analysis of Enjoyment for Sports Spectators

This study examined users’ attitudes and opinions of using augmented reality technology in comparison to other non-augmented reality technologies. Broadly, there were differences between users when using different devices. These differences help shed light onto the process of implementation of such new technologies in various sports settings, from arenas and stadiums to at-home viewership. From the results of this study, it is likely that this technology may not lead to better fan experience, but instead might leave them feeling frustrated and potentially isolated. Particularly given the expense of technology like Google Glass, this study suggests such technology should be implemented selectively and carefully. Additionally, the effects of using Google Glass in stadiums and arenas may not simply be on the users, but also on those seated around them, who may be bothered by the deliberate actions of those wearing such augmented reality devices. Notably, this may shift as the devices become more prevalent